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It is argued that there is a need for fat-tailed distributions that become thin in the extreme tail. A 3-parameter distribution is introduced that visually resembles the t-distribution and interpolates between the normal distribution and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-08 Rose D Baker

This paper is organized in three parts closely related to closure properties of heavy-tailed distributions and heavy-tailed random vectors. In the first part we consider two random variables X and Y with distributions F and G respectively.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Dimitrios G. Konstantinides , Charalampos D. Passalidis

In this paper we introduce a bivariate distribution on $\mathbb{R}_{+} \times \mathbb{N}$ arising from a single underlying Markov jump process. The marginal distributions are phase-type and discrete phase-type distributed, respectively,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-05 Martin Bladt , Clara Brimnes Gardner

Multivariate regular variation plays a role assessing tail risk in diverse applications such as finance, telecommunications, insurance and environmental science. The classical theory, being based on an asymptotic model, sometimes leads to…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-08-31 Bikramjit Das , Abhimanyu Mitra , Sidney Resnick

The statistical distribution of the ratio of two normal random variables is characterized by its heavy-tailed nature and absence of finite moments. The shape of its density function is highly variable, capable of exhibiting unimodal or…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Sheng Yang , Zhengtao Gui

Analysis of matrix-variate data is becoming increasingly common in the literature, particularly in the field of clustering and classification. It is well-known that real data, including real matrix-variate data, often exhibit high levels of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-30 Abbas Mahdavi , Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan , Ahad Jamalizadeh

We investigate a way of comparing and classifying tails of random variables. Our approach extends the notion of classical indices, such as exponential and moment indices, which are widely used measuring heaviness of tail functions. A…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-10-07 Jaakko Lehtomaa

In univariate data, there exist standard procedures for identifying dominating features that produce the largest observations. However, in the multivariate setting, the situation is quite different. This paper aims to provide tools and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Miriam Hägele , Jaakko Lehtomaa

This paper addresses the task of modeling severity losses using segmentation when the data distribution does not fall into the usual regression frameworks. This situation is not uncommon in lines of business such as third-party liability…

Applications · Statistics 2021-11-29 Martin Bladt

Regular variation is often used as the starting point for modeling multivariate heavy-tailed data. A random vector is regularly varying if and only if its radial part $R$ is regularly varying and is asymptotically independent of the angular…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Phyllis Wan , Richard A. Davis

In the study of heavy tail data, several models have been introduced. If the interest is in the tail of the distribution, block maxima or excess over thresholds are the typical approaches, wasting relevant information in the bulk of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Luis E. Nieto-Barajas

This article discusses modelling of the tail of a multivariate distribution function by means of a large deviation principle (LDP), and its application to the estimation of the probability of a multivariate extreme event from a sample of n…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-23 Cees de Valk

The paper focuses on a class of light-tailed multivariate probability distributions. These are obtained via a transformation of the margins from a heavy-tailed original distribution. This class was introduced in Balkema et al. (J.…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Guus Balkema , Paul Embrechts , Natalia Nolde

Motivated by the study of the time evolution of random dynamical systems arising in a vast variety of domains --- ranging from physics to ecology ---, we establish conditions for the occurrence of a non-trivial asymptotic behaviour for…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-15 Vladimir Belitsky , Mikhail Menshikov , Dimitri Petritis , Marina Vachkovskaia

We extend known saddlepoint tail probability approximations to multivariate cases, including multivariate conditional cases. Our approximation applies to both continuous and lattice variables, and requires the existence of a cumulant…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-29 John Kolassa , Jixin Li

This paper introduces the multivariate tail-inflated normal (MTIN) distribution, an elliptical heavy-tails generalization of the multivariate normal (MN). The MTIN belongs to the family of MN scale mixtures by choosing a convenient…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-23 Antonio Punzo , Luca Bagnato

In this paper we develop a very general class of bivariate discrete distributions. The basic idea is very simple. The marginals are obtained by taking the random geometric sum of a baseline distribution function. The proposed class of…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-22 Debasis Kundu

We consider the fitting of heavy tailed data and distribution with a special attention to distributions with a non--standard shape in the "body" of the distribution. To this end we consider a dense class of heavy tailed distributions…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-15 Mogens Bladt , Leonardo Rojas-Nandayapa

Long-tailed classification is challenging due to its heavy imbalance in class probabilities. While existing methods often focus on overall accuracy or accuracy for tail classes, they overlook a critical aspect: certain types of errors can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

We present an overview of possible reasons for the appearance of heavy-tailed distributions in applications to the natural sciences. These distributions include the laws of Pareto, Lotka, and some new ones. The reasons are illustrated using…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-24 Lev B. Klebanov , Yulia V. Kuvaeva