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Near-term quantum computers have been built as intermediate-scale quantum devices and are fragile against quantum noise effects, namely, NISQ devices. Traditional quantum-error-correcting codes are not implemented on such devices and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Yusuke Hama , Hirofumi Nishi

Noise and errors are inevitable parts of any practical implementation of a quantum computer. As a result, large-scale quantum computation will require ways to detect and correct errors on quantum information. Here, we present such a quantum…

Recent progress in fault-tolerant quantum computing suggests that leveraging error-syndrome information at the logical layer can substantially improve performance, including the estimation of logical observables from noisy states. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Kento Tsubouchi , Hyukgun Kwon , Liang Jiang , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

Quantum computers are inherently noisy, and a crucial challenge for achieving large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computing is to implement quantum error correction. A promising direction that has made rapid recent progress is to design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Maria Violaris , Luciana Henaut , James Wills , Gioele Consani , Jamie Friel , Brian Vlastakis

Quantum error correction protects quantum information against environmental noise. When using qubits, a measure of quality of a code is the maximum number of errors that it is able to correct. We show that a suitable notion of ``number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme , Lorenza Viola

The constituent parts of a quantum computer are inherently vulnerable to errors. To this end we have developed quantum error-correcting codes to protect quantum information from noise. However, discovering codes that are capable of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Benjamin J. Brown , Naomi H. Nickerson , Dan E. Browne

To implement quantum algorithms on a quantum computer, we must overcome the twin problems of fault-tolerance -- how can we realize a relatively noiseless computation by cleverly combining noisy components? -- and compilation -- how can we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Jack Weinberg , Narayanan Rengaswamy

Quantum error correction plays a critical role in enabling fault-tolerant quantum computing by protecting fragile quantum information from noise. While general-purpose quantum error correction codes are designed to address a wide range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Nirupam Basak , Andrew Tanggara , Ankith Mohan , Goutam Paul , Kishor Bharti

Quantum Computing (QC) promises computational speedup over classic computing for solving complex problems. However, noise exists in current and near-term quantum computers. Quantum software testing (for gaining confidence in quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Asmar Muqeet , Tao Yue , Shaukat Ali , Paolo Arcaini

Known quantum error correction schemes are typically able to take advantage of only a limited class of classical error-correcting codes. Entanglement-assisted quantum error correction is a partial solution which made it possible to exploit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-24 Yuichiro Fujiwara

Building error-corrected quantum computers relies crucially on measuring and modeling noise on candidate devices. In particular, optimal error correction requires knowing the noise that occurs in the device as it executes the circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-11 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

The realization of fault-tolerant quantum computers remains a challenging endeavor, forcing state-of-the-art quantum hardware to rely heavily on noise mitigation techniques. Standard quantum error mitigation is typically based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Juan F. Martin , Giuseppe Cocco , Javier Fonollosa

Quantum error-correcting codes protect fragile quantum information by encoding it redundantly, but identifying codes that perform well in practice with minimal overhead remains difficult due to the combinatorial search space and the high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yihua Chengyu , Richard Meister , Conor Carty , Sheng-Ku Lin , Roberto Bondesan

Scalable realisation of quantum computing is reliant on the development of fault tolerant devices. Analysis of quantum error correction protocols typically considers incoherent noise models or noise-free syndrome measurements. While this is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Quantum computation and communication are important branches of quantum information science. However, noise in realistic quantum devices fundamentally limits the utility of these quantum technologies. A conventional approach towards…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Kyungjoo Noh

Ubiquitous noises in quantum systems remain a key obstacle to building quantum computers, necessitating the use of quantum error correction codes. Recently, error-correcting codes tailored for noise-biased systems have been shown to offer…

One of the major challenges for erroneous quantum computers is undoubtedly the control over the effect of noise. Considering the rapid growth of available quantum resources that are not fully fault-tolerant, it is crucial to develop…

Quantum computing hardware is affected by quantum noise that undermine the quality of results of an executed quantum program. Amongst other quantum noises, coherent error that caused by parameter drifting and miscalibration, remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiangyu Ren , Junjie Wan , Zhiding Liang , Antonio Barbalace

Noise is the central obstacle to building large-scale quantum computers. Quantum systems with sufficiently uncorrelated and weak noise could be used to solve computational problems that are intractable with current digital computers. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-19 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia , Joel J. Wallman

In theory, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum physics, factor large numbers and estimate integrals, thus solving otherwise intractable computational problems. In practice, quantum computers must operate with noisy devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. Knill