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A key subtask in lexical substitution is ranking the given candidate words. A common approach is to replace the target word with a candidate in the original sentence and feed the modified sentence into a model to capture semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zhongyang Hu , Naijie Gu , Xiangzhi Tao , Tianhui Gu , Yibing Zhou

Word similarity has many applications to social science and cultural analytics tasks like measuring meaning change over time and making sense of contested terms. Yet traditional similarity methods based on cosine similarity between word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Kaitlyn Zhou , Haishan Gao , Sarah Chen , Dan Edelstein , Dan Jurafsky , Chen Shani

With the enourmous popularity of large language models, many researchers have raised ethical concerns regarding social biases incorporated in such models. Several methods to measure social bias have been introduced, but apparently these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sarah Schröder , Alexander Schulz , Barbara Hammer

Various measures have been proposed to quantify human-like social biases in word embeddings. However, bias scores based on these measures can suffer from measurement error. One indication of measurement quality is reliability, concerning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Yupei Du , Qixiang Fang , Dong Nguyen

In this paper, we introduce personalized word embeddings, and examine their value for language modeling. We compare the performance of our proposed prediction model when using personalized versus generic word representations, and study how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Charles Welch , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld , Verónica Pérez-Rosas , Rada Mihalcea

Word embeddings, which represent a word as a point in a vector space, have become ubiquitous to several NLP tasks. A recent line of work uses bilingual (two languages) corpora to learn a different vector for each sense of a word, by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Shyam Upadhyay , Kai-Wei Chang , Matt Taddy , Adam Kalai , James Zou

There exist many high-dimensional data in real-world applications such as biology, computer vision, and social networks. Feature selection approaches are devised to confront with high-dimensional data challenges with the aim of efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Mohsen Ghassemi Parsa , Hadi Zare , Mehdi Ghatee

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), the process of automatically identifying the meaning of a polysemous word in a sentence, is a fundamental task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Progress in this approach to WSD opens up many promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-10-08 Mohammad Nasiruddin

Opinion summarization aims to profile a target by extracting opinions from multiple documents. Most existing work approaches the task in a semi-supervised manner due to the difficulty of obtaining high-quality annotation from thousands of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Suyu Ge , Jiaxin Huang , Yu Meng , Sharon Wang , Jiawei Han

This paper introduces a large-scale multimodal and multilingual dataset that aims to facilitate research on grounding words to images in their contextual usage in language. The dataset consists of images selected to unambiguously illustrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Josiah Wang , Pranava Madhyastha , Josiel Figueiredo , Chiraag Lala , Lucia Specia

Since word embeddings have been the most popular input for many NLP tasks, evaluating their quality is of critical importance. Most research efforts are focusing on English word embeddings. This paper addresses the problem of constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Stamatis Outsios , Christos Karatsalos , Konstantinos Skianis , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Distributed representations of words have boosted the performance of many Natural Language Processing tasks. However, usually only one representation per word is obtained, not acknowledging the fact that some words have multiple meanings.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Luis Nieto Piña , Richard Johansson

The vast majority of evaluation metrics for machine translation are supervised, i.e., (i) are trained on human scores, (ii) assume the existence of reference translations, or (iii) leverage parallel data. This hinders their applicability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jonas Belouadi , Steffen Eger

Visual-semantic embedding aims to find a shared latent space where related visual and textual instances are close to each other. Most current methods learn injective embedding functions that map an instance to a single point in the shared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Yale Song , Mohammad Soleymani

Prepositions are highly polysemous, and their variegated senses encode significant semantic information. In this paper we match each preposition's complement and attachment and their interplay crucially to the geometry of the word vectors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Hongyu Gong , Jiaqi Mu , Suma Bhat , Pramod Viswanath

This article describes the results of a systematic in-depth study of the criteria used for word sense disambiguation. Our study is based on 60 target words: 20 nouns, 20 adjectives and 20 verbs. Our results are not always in line with some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Laurent Audibert

Words are not created equal. In fact, they form an aristocratic graph with a latent hierarchical structure that the next generation of unsupervised learned word embeddings should reveal. In this paper, justified by the notion of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Alexandru Tifrea , Gary Bécigneul , Octavian-Eugen Ganea

We introduce a novel method for multilingual transfer that utilizes deep contextual embeddings, pretrained in an unsupervised fashion. While contextual embeddings have been shown to yield richer representations of meaning compared to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Tal Schuster , Ori Ram , Regina Barzilay , Amir Globerson

We present a set of novel neural supervised and unsupervised approaches for determining the readability of documents. In the unsupervised setting, we leverage neural language models, whereas in the supervised setting, three different neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Matej Martinc , Senja Pollak , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

We release to the community six large-scale sense-annotated datasets in multiple language to pave the way for supervised multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation. Our datasets cover all the nouns in the English WordNet and their translations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Tommaso Pasini , Francesco Maria Elia , Roberto Navigli