Related papers: Universal properties of primary and secondary cosm…
The AMS Collaboration has recently released data on cosmic ray (CR) leptons and hadrons that can shed light on two exciting problems in CR physics: on one side, the origin of the rise of the CR positron fraction above ~10 GeV of energy, on…
The nature of the knee in the all-particle spectrum of cosmic rays remains subject of much investigation, especially in the aftermath of recent measurements claiming the detection of a knee-like feature in the spectrum of the light…
The flux of cosmic-ray induced single hadrons near sea level has been measured with the large hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE experiment. The measurement corroborates former results obtained with detectors of smaller size if the enlarged…
Determining the spatial distribution of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) is fundamental to understand how these particles propagate in interstellar space and to infer their source spectra. The most sensitive method of studying this problem is…
The recent measurement of the spectra of intermediate mass nuclei and iron nuclei carried out with the AMS-02 experiment provided us with the most complete set of data on cosmic ray fluxes to date, and allowed us to test the standard model…
Recent data from ATIC, CREAM and PAMELA revealed that the energy spectra of cosmic ray (CR) nuclei above 100 GeV/nucleon experience a remarkable hardening with increasing energy. This effect cannot be recovered by the conventional…
The propagation of Galactic Cosmic Ray nuclei having energies between 100 MeV/nuc and several PeV/nuc is strongly believed to be of diffusive nature. The particles emitted by a source located in the disk do not pervade the whole Galaxy, but…
In the first part of this review we discuss the basic observational features at the end of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. We also present there the main characteristics of each of the experiments involved in the detection of these…
The presence of convective and turbulent motions, and the evolution of magnetic fields give rise to existence of temperature fluctuations in stellar atmospheres, active galactic nuclei and other cosmic objects. We observe the time and…
Recent data from CREAM seem to confirm early suggestions that primary cosmic ray (CR) spectra at few TeV/nucleon are harder than in the 10-100 GeV range. Also, helium and heavier nuclei spectra appear systematically harder than the proton…
Physics beyond the standard model might imply the cosmological production of particles with grand unification scale energies. Nucleons and gamma-rays from such processes are candidates for the cosmic rays observed beyond 100 EeV [10**(20)…
Atomic diffusion is usually understood as a succession of random, independent displacements of an adatom over the surface's potential energy landscape. Nevertheless, an analysis of Molecular Dynamics simulations of self-diffusion on Cu(111)…
The center of the our Galaxy is a region where very energetic phenomena take place. In particular powerful cosmic ray sources can be located in that region. The cosmic rays accelerated in these sources may interact with ambient protons…
The Pierre Auger Observatory has conducted measurements of the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays using different methods. Utilizing both surface and fluorescence detectors (SD and FD), the Observatory provides…
In stellar environments nuclei appear at finite temperatures, becoming extremely hot in core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers. However, due to theoretical and computational complexity, most model calculations of nuclear…
We investigate the dependence of composition, spectrum and angular distributions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 10^19 eV from individual sources on their magnetization. We find that, especially for sources within a few megaparsecs…
The excess of continuum gamma-ray emission from the Galaxy above 1 GeV is an unsolved puzzle. It may indicate that the interstellar nucleon or electron spectra are harder than local direct measurements, as could be the case if a local…
The atmospheric neutrino beam simultaneously spans a range of pathlengths from ten to ten thousand kilometers, which correspond respectively to downward- and upward-going neutrinos. As with any neutrino oscillation experiment, also in this…
The AMS-02 experiment has provided high-precision measurements of several cosmic-ray (CR) species. The achieved percent-level accuracy gives access to small spectral differences among the different species and, in turn, this allows…
We report on the uncanny resemblance of the global distribution of all experimentally known atomic spectral lines to the Planckian spectral distribution associated with black body radiation at a temperature of $T\approx9000\,\mathrm{K}$.…