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Knowledge distillation is a popular machine learning technique that aims to transfer knowledge from a large 'teacher' network to a smaller 'student' network and improve the student's performance by training it to emulate the teacher. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Sushil Thapa

Knowledge distillation is a powerful technique for transferring knowledge from a pre-trained teacher model to a student model. However, the true potential of knowledge transfer has not been fully explored. Existing approaches primarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Shuoxi Zhang , Hanpeng Liu , Kun He

Modelling student knowledge is a key challenge when leveraging AI in education, with major implications for personalised learning. The Knowledge Tracing (KT) task aims to predict how students will respond to educational questions in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Max Norris , Kobi Gal , Sahan Bulathwela

Structured prediction models aim at solving a type of problem where the output is a complex structure, rather than a single variable. Performing knowledge distillation for such models is not trivial due to their exponentially large output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Wenye Lin , Yangming Li , Lemao Liu , Shuming Shi , Hai-tao Zheng

Crowd counting is a fundamental yet challenging task, which desires rich information to generate pixel-wise crowd density maps. However, most previous methods only used the limited information of RGB images and cannot well discover…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Lingbo Liu , Jiaqi Chen , Hefeng Wu , Guanbin Li , Chenglong Li , Liang Lin

We propose a Multi-Task Learning (MTL) paradigm based deep neural network architecture, called MTCNet (Multi-Task Crowd Network) for crowd density and count estimation. Crowd count estimation is challenging due to the non-uniform scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Abhay Kumar , Nishant Jain , Suraj Tripathi , Chirag Singh , Kamal Krishna

Due to its variety of applications in the real-world, the task of single image-based crowd counting has received a lot of interest in the recent years. Recently, several approaches have been proposed to address various problems encountered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Vishwanath A. Sindagi , Rajeev Yasarla , Vishal M. Patel

Crowd counting is to estimate the number of objects (e.g., people or vehicles) in an image of unconstrained congested scenes. Designing a general crowd counting algorithm applicable to a wide range of crowd images is challenging, mainly due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Haoyue Bai , Song Wen , S. -H. Gary Chan

Deep neural models in recent years have been successful in almost every field, including extremely complex problem statements. However, these models are huge in size, with millions (and even billions) of parameters, thus demanding more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Lin Wang , Kuk-Jin Yoon

The Teacher-Student (T-S) framework is widely utilized in the classification tasks, through which the performance of one neural network (the student) can be improved by transferring knowledge from another trained neural network (the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Hui Wen , Yue Wu , Chenming Yang , Jingjing Li , Yue Zhu , Xu Jiang , Hancong Duan

With the recent surge in personalized learning, Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) that can accurately track students' individual knowledge states and provide tailored learning paths based on this information are in demand as an essential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wonbeen Lee , Channyoung Lee , Junho Sohn , Hansam Cho

Knowledge tracing (KT) is the problem of predicting students' future performance based on their historical interaction sequences. With the advanced capability of capturing contextual long-term dependency, attention mechanism becomes one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Shuyan Huang , Zitao Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Weiqi Luo , Jian Weng

Humans ability to transfer knowledge through teaching is one of the essential aspects for human intelligence. A human teacher can track the knowledge of students to customize the teaching on students needs. With the rise of online education…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ghodai Abdelrahman , Qing Wang , Bernardo Pereira Nunes

Transfer Learning enables Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to acquire knowledge from a source domain and transfer it to a target domain, where collecting large-scale annotated examples is time-consuming and expensive. Conventionally,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 S. H. Shabbeer Basha , Debapriya Tula , Sravan Kumar Vinakota , Shiv Ram Dubey

Modern artificial intelligence systems depend heavily on large datasets for both training and transferring knowledge between models. Knowledge distillation, transfer learning, and dataset distillation have made such transfers more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Pratham Sorte

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to predict learners' future performance based on historical learning interactions. However, existing KT models predominantly focus on data from a single course, limiting their ability to capture a comprehensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wenkang Han , Wang Lin , Liya Hu , Zhenlong Dai , Yiyun Zhou , Mengze Li , Zemin Liu , Chang Yao , Jingyuan Chen

Spoken language understanding (SLU) is a key component of task-oriented dialogue systems. SLU parses natural language user utterances into semantic frames. Previous work has shown that incorporating context information significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Qian Chen , Zhu Zhuo , Wen Wang , Qiuyun Xu

While deeper and wider neural networks are actively pushing the performance limits of various computer vision and machine learning tasks, they often require large sets of labeled data for effective training and suffer from extremely high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Zhi Zhang , Guanghan Ning , Zhihai He

In recent years, significant progress has been made on the research of crowd counting. However, as the challenging scale variations and complex scenes existed in crowds, neither traditional convolution networks nor recent Transformer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Xing Wei , Yuanrui Kang , Jihao Yang , Yunfeng Qiu , Dahu Shi , Wenming Tan , Yihong Gong

Management of crowd information in public transportation (PT) systems is crucial, both to foster sustainable mobility, by increasing the user's comfort and satisfaction during normal operation, as well as to cope with emergency situations,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Donatella Darsena , Giacinto Gelli , Ivan Iudice , Francesco Verde