Related papers: SOP$_1$, SOP$_2$, and antichain tree property
In this paper we give a fully combinatorial description of the zero entropy periodic patterns on trees. Unlike previously known characterizations of such patterns, our criterion is independent of any particular topological realization of…
We introduce two operads which own the set of planar forests as a basis. With its usual product and two other products defined by different types of graftings, the algebra of planar rooted trees H becomes an algebra over these operads. The…
We investigate some versions of amoeba for tree-forcings in the generalized Cantor and Baire spaces. This answers [10, Question 3.20] and generalizes a line of research that in the standard case has been studied in [11], [13], and [7].…
We study an abstract notion of tree structure which lies at the common core of various tree-like discrete structures commonly used in combinatorics: trees in graphs, order trees, nested subsets of a set, tree-decompositions of graphs and…
Elasticity property (i.e. no-particle creation) is used in the tree level scattering of scalar particles in 1+1 dimensions to construct the affine Toda field theory(ATFT) associated with root systems of groups $a_2^{(2)}$ and $c_2^{(1)}$. A…
This work addresses the intrinsic relationship between trees and networks (i.e. graphs). A complete (invertible) mapping is presented which allows trees to be mapped into weighted graphs and then backmapped into the original tree without…
CP-violating asymmetries in the decay $B^0(t)\to \pi^+ \pi^-$ are a potentially rich source of information about both strong and weak phases. In a previous treatment by the present authors use was made of an assumption about the relative…
A family T of digraphs is a complete set of obstructions for a digraph H if for an arbitrary digraph G the existence of a homomorphism from G to H is equivalent to the non-existence of a homomorphism from any member of T to G. A digraph H…
A hypertree is a connected hypergraph without cycles. Further a hypertree is called an $r$-tree if, additionally, it is $r$-uniform. Note that 2-trees are just ordinary trees. A classical result states that for any 2-tree $T$ with…
Within the field of phylogenetics there is growing interest in measures for summarising the dissimilarity, or 'incongruence', of two or more phylogenetic trees. Many of these measures are NP-hard to compute and this has stimulated a…
We study probability distributions over free algebras of trees. Probability distributions can be seen as particular (formal power) tree series [Berstel et al 82, Esik et al 03], i.e. mappings from trees to a semiring K . A widely studied…
We prove that in theories without the tree property of the second kind (which include dependent and simple theories) forking and dividing over models are the same, and in fact over any extension base. As an application we show that…
While single-tree transpiration is challenging to compare with earth observation, canopy scale data are suitable for this purpose. To test the potentialities of the second approach, we equipped the trees at two measurement sites with sap…
Session types, types for structuring communication between endpoints in distributed systems, are recently being integrated into mainstream programming languages. In practice, a very important notion for dealing with such types is that of…
Justification theory is an abstract unifying formalism that captures semantics of various non-monotonic logics. One intriguing problem that has received significant attention is the consistency problem: under which conditions are…
Explaining why and how a tree $t$ structurally differs from another tree $t^\star$ is a question that is encountered throughout computer science, including in understanding tree-structured data such as XML or JSON data. In this article, we…
Let $T$ be a tree, we show that the null space of the adjacency matrix of $T$ has relevant information about the structure of $T$. We introduce the Null Decomposition of trees, and use it in order to get formulas for independence number and…
An inaccessible cardinal $\kappa$ is supercompact when $(\kappa, \lambda)$-ITP holds for all $\lambda\geq \kappa.$ We prove that if there is a model of $\ZFC$ with two supercompact cardinals, then there is a model of \ZFC where…
Recent results for tree amplitudes for the $N=2$ noncritical strings are presented and compared with the critical case. Arguments are given which indicate a certain discontinuity in passing from the $\hat c < 1$ model (in a Coulomb gas…
We consider Galton-Watson trees with ${\rm Bin}(d,p)$ offspring distribution. We let $T_{\infty}(p)$ denote such a tree conditioned on being infinite. For $d=2,3$ and any $1/d\leq p_1 <p_2 \leq 1$, we show that there exists a coupling…