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We introduce a new class of automated market maker (AMM), the \emph{partially active automated market maker} (PA-AMM). PA-AMM divides its reserves into two parts, the active and the passive parts, and uses only the active part for trading.…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-11 Sunghun Ko

The LIBOR Market Model (LMM) is a widely used model for pricing interest rate derivatives. While the Black-Scholes model is well-known for pricing stock derivatives such as stock options, a larger portion of derivatives are based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-05 Hao Tang , Wenxun Wu , Xian-Min Jin

The current design space of derivatives in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) relies heavily on oracle systems. Replicating market makers (RMMs) provide a mechanism for converting specific payoff functions to an associated Constant Function…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-06 Estelle Sterrett , Waylon Jepsen , Evan Kim

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are major centers of matching liquidity supply and demand in Decentralized Finance. Their functioning relies primarily on the presence of liquidity providers (LPs) incentivized to invest their assets into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Viraj Nadkarni , Jiachen Hu , Ranvir Rana , Chi Jin , Sanjeev Kulkarni , Pramod Viswanath

In this paper, we show that any monotonic payoff can be replicated using only liquidity provider shares in constant function market makers (CFMMs), without the need for additional collateral or oracles. Such payoffs include cash-or-nothing…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-11-30 Guillermo Angeris , Alex Evans , Tarun Chitra

Automated market makers (AMMs) are one of the most prominent decentralized finance (DeFi) applications. AMMs allow users to trade different types of crypto-tokens, without the need to find a counter-party. There are several implementations…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Massimo Bartoletti , James Hsin-yu Chiang , Alberto Lluch-Lafuente

We study the price-setting problem of market makers under risk neutrality and perfect competition in continuous time. Thereby we follow the classic Glosten-Milgrom model that defines bid and ask prices as expectations of a true value of the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2012-10-16 Christoph Kühn , Matthias Riedel

Automated market makers (AMM) have grown to obtain significant market share within the cryptocurrency ecosystem, resulting in a proliferation of new products pursuing exotic strategies for horizontal differentiation. Yet, their theoretical…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-07 Johannes Rude Jensen , Mohsen Pourpouneh , Kurt Nielsen , Omri Ross

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are decentralized applications that allow users to exchange crypto-tokens without the need for a matching exchange order. AMMs are one of the most successful DeFi use cases: indeed, major AMM platforms process…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Massimo Bartoletti , James Hsin-yu Chiang , Alberto Lluch-Lafuente

We present a method for constructing Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) whose portfolio value functions match a desired payoff. More specifically, we show that the space of concave, nonnegative, nondecreasing, 1-homogeneous payoff…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-30 Guillermo Angeris , Alex Evans , Tarun Chitra

Market makers provide liquidity to other market participants: they propose prices at which they stand ready to buy and sell a wide variety of assets. They face a complex optimization problem with both static and dynamic components. They…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2017-05-09 Olivier Guéant

In the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) setting, we present a new parametrized family of Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) which we call the Generalized Mean Market Makers (G3Ms), based on the generalized means. The G3Ms are intermediate…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-08-16 Daniel Z. Zanger

Automated market makers (AMMs) are pricing mechanisms utilized by decentralized exchanges (DEX). Traditional AMM approaches are constrained by pricing solely based on their own liquidity pool, without consideration of external markets or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Daniel Jiwoong Im , Alexander Kondratskiy , Vincent Harvey , Hsuan-Wei Fu

Decentralized finance (DeFi) applications depend on accurate price oracles to ensure secure transactions, yet these oracles are highly vulnerable to manipulation, enabling attackers to exploit smart contract vulnerabilities for unfair asset…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Bo Gao , Yuan Wang , Qingsong Wei , Yong Liu , Rick Siow Mong Goh , David Lo

Accurate price predictions are essential for market participants in order to optimize their operational schedules and bidding strategies, especially in the current context where electricity prices become more volatile and less predictable…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Naga Venkata Sai Jitin Jami , Juraj Kardoš , Olaf Schenk , Harald Köstler

The paper introduces a new type of constant function market maker, the constant power root market marker. We show that the constant sum (used by mStable), constant product (used by Uniswap and Balancer), constant reserve (HOLD-ing), and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Mike Wu , Will McTighe

When agents trade in a Duality-based Cost Function prediction market, they collectively implement the learning algorithm Follow-The-Regularized-Leader. We ask whether other learning algorithms could be used to inspire the design of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Enrique Nueve , Bo Waggoner

Consider a trade market with one seller and multiple buyers. The seller aims to sell an indivisible item and maximize their revenue. This paper focuses on a simple and popular mechanism--the fixed-price mechanism. Unlike the standard…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zhikang Fan , Weiran Shen

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a class of smart contracts on Ethereum and other blockchains that "make markets" autonomously. In other words, AMMs stand ready to trade with other market participants that interact with them, at the…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-12-22 Stefan Loesch

This work focuses on the mathematical study of constant function market makers. We rigorously establish the conditions for optimal trading under the assumption of a quasilinear, but not necessarily convex (or concave), trade function. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-14 C. Escudero , F. Lara , M. Sama