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In this paper, we propose a new combined message passing algorithm which allows belief propagation (BP) and mean filed (MF) applied on a same factor node, so that MF can be applied to hard constraint factors. Based on the proposed message…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-24 Chuanzong Zhang , Zhengdao Yuan , Zhongyong Wang , Qinghua Guo

The design of message passing (MP) algorithms on factor graphs is an effective manner to implement channel estimation (CE) in wireless communication systems, which performance can be further improved by exploiting prior probability models…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yi Song , Chuanzong Zhang , Xinhua Lu , Fabio Saggese , Zhongyong Wang

Geometric data pruning methods, while practical for leveraging pretrained models, are fundamentally unstable. Their reliance on extrinsic geometry renders them highly sensitive to latent space perturbations, causing performance to degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Arjun Roy , Prajna G. Malettira , Manish Nagaraj , Kaushik Roy

High mobility environment leads to severe Doppler effects and poses serious challenges to the conventional physical layer based on the widely popular orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The recent emergence of orthogonal time…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-14 Qinwen Deng , Yao Ge , Zhi Ding

Accurate scale estimation of a target is a challenging research problem in visual object tracking. Most state-of-the-art methods employ an exhaustive scale search to estimate the target size. The exhaustive search strategy is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-21 Martin Danelljan , Gustav Häger , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Michael Felsberg

In monocular vision systems, lack of knowledge about metric distances caused by the inherent scale ambiguity can be a strong limitation for some applications. We offer a method for fusing inertial measurements with monocular odometry or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Ariane Spaenlehauer , Vincent Fremont , Y. Ahmet Sekercioglu , Isabelle Fantoni

Deploying machine learning in open environments presents the challenge of encountering diverse test inputs that differ significantly from the training data. These out-of-distribution samples may exhibit shifts in local or global features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jiawei Li , Sitong Li , Shanshan Wang , Yicheng Zeng , Falong Tan , Chuanlong Xie

Systematics contaminate observables, leading to distribution shifts relative to theoretically simulated signals-posing a major challenge for using pre-trained models to label such observables. Since systematics are often poorly understood…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Sultan Hassan , Sambatra Andrianomena , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Radar target recognition (RTR), as a key technology of intelligent radar systems, has been well investigated. Accurate RTR at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) still remains an open challenge. Most existing methods are based on a single…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-14 Han Meng , Yuexing Peng , Wei Xiang , Xu Pang , Wenbo Wang

We address the problem of multi-modal object tracking in video and explore various options of fusing the complementary information conveyed by the visible (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) modalities including pixel-level, feature-level and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Zhangyong Tang , Tianyang Xu , Hui Li , Xiao-Jun Wu , Xuefeng Zhu , Josef Kittler

An important and often overlooked aspect of particle filtering methods is the estimation of unknown static parameters. A simple approach for addressing this problem is to augment the unknown static parameters as auxiliary states that are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-01 Xiaokun Zhao , Marija Iloska , Yousef El-Laham , Mónica F. Bugallo

The histogram-probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracker (H-PMHT) is a parametric approach to solving the multi-target track-before-detect (TBD) problem, using expectation maximisation (EM). A key limitation of this method is the assumption of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Lukas Herrmann , Ángel F. García-Fernández , Edmund F. Brekke

A novel over-the-air machine learning framework over multi-hop multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) networks is proposed. The core idea is to imitate fully connected (FC) neural network layers using multiple MIMO channels by carefully…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-02 Chenghong Bian , Meng Hua , Deniz Gunduz

Detecting multiple planes in images is a challenging problem, but one with many applications. Recent work such as J-Linkage and Ordered Residual Kernels have focussed on developing a domain independent approach to detect multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-30 Prateek Singhal , Aditya Deshpande , N Dinesh Reddy , K Madhava Krishna

Radar sensing will be integrated into the 6G communication system to support various applications. In this integrated sensing and communication system, a radar target may also be a communication channel scatterer. In this case, the radar…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Zhe Huang , Kexuan Wang , An Liu , Yunlong Cai , Rui Du , Tony Xiao Han

Prior research on out-of-distribution detection (OoDD) has primarily focused on single-modality models. Recently, with the advent of large-scale pretrained vision-language models such as CLIP, OoDD methods utilizing such multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jeonghyeon Kim , Sangheum Hwang

This paper proposes a visual multi-object tracking method that jointly employs stochastic and deterministic mechanisms to ensure identifier consistency for unknown and time-varying target numbers under nonlinear dynamics. A stochastic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Toan Van Nguyen , Rasmus G. K. Christiansen , Dirk Kraft , Leon Bodenhagen

Cooperative multi-monostatic sensing enables accurate positioning of passive targets by combining the sensed environment of multiple base stations (BS). In this work, we propose a novel fusion algorithm that optimally finds the weight to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Maximiliano Rivera Figueroa , Pradyumna Kumar Bishoyi , Marina Petrova

Despite their theoretical advantages, track-before-detect (TBD) methods remain largely absent from real-world multi-target tracking applications due to their computational complexity and limited scalability. This paper presents a scalable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-25 Lukas Herrmann , Ángel F. García-Fernández , Edmund F. Brekke , Egil Eide

Merging finetuned Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly important for integrating diverse capabilities into a single unified model. However, prevailing model merging methods rely on linear arithmetic in Euclidean space, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Sihan Yang , Kexuan Shi , Weiyang Liu