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It is well known that cosmic rays (CRs) contribute significantly to the pressure of the interstellar medium in our own Galaxy, suggesting that they may play an important role in regulating star formation during the formation and evolution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christoph Pfrommer , Volker Springel , Martin Jubelgas , Torsten A. Ensslin

Cosmic rays (CRs) play a decisive role within our own Galaxy. They provide partial pressure support against gravity, they trace past energetic events such as supernovae, and they reveal the underlying structure of the baryonic matter…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Torsten A. Ensslin , Christoph Pfrommer , Volker Springel , Martin Jubelgas

Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) constitute a significant part of the energy budget of our Galaxy, and the study of their accelerators is of high importance in modern astrophysics. Their main sources are likely supernova remnants (SNRs). These…

Cosmic rays (CRs) are an important energy source in the circum-galactic medium (CGM) that impact the multi-phase gas structure and dynamics. We perform two-dimensional CR-magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the role of CRs in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-06-14 Xiaoshan Huang , Yan-fei Jiang , Shane W. Davis

It is well known that cosmic rays (CRs) contribute significantly to the pressure of the interstellar medium in our own Galaxy, suggesting that they may play an important role in regulating star formation during the formation and evolution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Martin Jubelgas , Volker Springel , Torsten A. Ensslin , Christoph Pfrommer

We study the impact of stellar winds and supernovae on the multi-phase interstellar medium using three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations carried out with FLASH. The selected galactic disc region has a size of (500 pc)$^2$ x $\pm$ 5 kpc…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-25 A. Gatto , S. Walch , T. Naab , P. Girichidis , R. Wünsch , S. C. O. Glover , R. S. Klessen , P. C. Clark , T. Peters , D. Derigs , C. Baczynski , J. Puls

One of the key physical processes that helps prevent strong cooling flows in galaxy clusters is the continued energy input from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) of the cluster. However, it remains unclear how this energy is…

Cosmic-ray (CR) feedback is widely recognized as a key regulator of galaxy formation. After being accelerated at supernova remnant shocks, CRs propagate through the interstellar medium (ISM), establishing smooth large-scale distributions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-21 Timon Thomas , Christoph Pfrommer , Rüdiger Pakmor , Rouven Lemmerz , Mohamad Shalaby

The contribution of the Source Cosmic Rays (SCRs), confined in Supernova Remnants, to the diffuse high energy \gr emission above 1 GeV from the Galactic disk is studied. \grs produced by the SCRs have a much harder spectrum compared with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-03 Evgeny G. Berezhko , Heinrich J. Voelk

Supernova Remnants (SNRs) are believed to be the main source of Galactic cosmic rays (CR). The strong SNR shocks provide ideal acceleration sites for particles of at least 10^14 eV/nucleon. Radio continuum studies of SNRs carried out with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-11-08 G. Dubner

Supernova remnants are believed to be the main sources of galactic Cosmic Rays (CR). Within this framework, particles are accelerated at supernova remnant shocks and then released in the interstellar medium. The mechanism through which CRs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-19 Lara Nava , Stefano Gabici , Alexandre Marcowith , Giovanni Morlino , Vladimir S. Ptuskin

We present a model of cosmic ray injection into the Galactic space based on recent gamma-ray observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) by the Fermi Large Area Telescope and imaging atmospheric Cherenkov…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 S. -H. Lee , T. Kamae , L. Baldini , F. Giordano , M. -H. Grondin , L. Latronico , M. Lemoine-Goumard , C. Sgró , T. Tanaka , Y. Uchiyama

The H.E.S.S. collaboration revealed the presence of a very high energy (VHE) diffuse emission in the inner 100pc of the Galaxy in close correlation with the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). Recently, they deduced from this emission a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-31 L. Jouvin , A. Lemière , R. Terrier

Stars form in cold, dense clouds embedded in galactic discs, but whether their formation is primarily regulated by gravitational collapse, turbulence, or stellar feedback remains unclear. Using four high-resolution dwarf galaxy simulations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-16 D. Whitworth , E. Vázquez-Semadeni , J. Ballesteros-Paredes , G. O. Gómez

Starburst galaxies are efficient $\gamma$-ray producers, because their high supernova rates generate copious cosmic ray (CR) protons, and their high gas densities act as thick targets off which these protons can produce neutral pions and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-26 Mark R. Krumholz , Roland M. Crocker , Siyao Xu , A. Lazarian , M. T. Rosevear , Jasper Bedwell-Wilson

We extend the self-similar solution derived by Chevalier for a Sedov blast wave accelerating cosmic rays (CR) to show that the Galactic CR population can be divided into: (A) CR with energies above ~200GeV released upstream during CR…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 A. R. Bell

A rapidly growing amount of evidences, mostly coming from the recent gamma-ray observations of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs), is seriously challenging our understanding of how particles are accelerated at fast shocks. The cosmic-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 Damiano Caprioli

The cataclysmic explosions of massive stars as supernovae are one of the key ingredients of galaxy formation. However, their evolution is not well understood in the presence of magnetic fields or cosmic rays (CRs). We study the expansion of…

Cosmic rays (CRs) can significantly impact dense molecular clouds in galaxies, heating the interstellar medium (ISM) and altering its chemistry, ionization, and thermal properties. Their influence is particularly relevant in environments…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-20 E. Koutsoumpou , J. A. Fernández-Ontiveros , K. M. Dasyra , L. Spinoglio

The presence of nearby discrete cosmic-ray (CR) sources can lead to many interesting effects on the observed properties of CRs. In this paper, we study about the possible effects on the CR primary and secondary spectra and also the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Satyendra Thoudam