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This paper addresses state of charge (SOC) estimation for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, where the relatively flat open-circuit voltage (OCV-SOC) characteristic reduces observability. A residual bias compensation dual extended…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Feng Guo , Luis D. Couto , Khiem Trad , Guangdi Hu , Mohammadhosein Safari

For the battery management system of electric vehicle, accurate estimation of the State of Charge of Lithium-ion battery can effectively avoid structural damage caused by overcharge or over discharge inside the battery. Considering that the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Jierui Wang , Wentao Yu , Guoyang Cheng , Lin Chen

Accurate and computationally light algorithms for estimating the State of Charge (SoC) of a battery's cells are crucial for effective battery management on embedded systems. In this letter, we propose an Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-09 António Barros , Edoardo Peretti , Davide Fabroni , Diego Carrera , Pasqualina Fragneto , Giacomo Boracchi

Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) is crucial for the safe and reliable operation of batteries. Voltage measurement bias highly affects state estimation accuracy, especially in Lithium Iron Phosphate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Baozhao Yi , Xinhao Du , Jiawei Zhang , Xiaogang Wu , Qiuhao Hu , Weiran Jiang , Xiaosong Hu , Ziyou Song

Robust and Real-time State of Charge (SOC) estimation is essential for Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries, which are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems due to safety and longevity. However, the flat Open…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Junzhe Shi , Shida Jiang , Shengyu Tao , Jaewong Lee , Manashita Borah , Scott Moura

The future evolution of technological systems dedicated to improve energy efficiency will strongly depend on effective and reliable Energy Storage Systems, as key components for Smart Grids, microgrids and electric mobility. Besides…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Maurizio Paschero , Gian Luca Storti , Antonello Rizzi , Fabio Massimo Frattale Mascioli , Giorgio Rizzoni

We proposed a new estimation algorithm of extended Kalman filter (EKF) based on improved Thevenin model; Experiments were carried out to verify the validity with seven 4Ah lithium cobalt acid batteries in series. The experimental results…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-09 Peng Li

This paper presents a novel framework for state-of-charge estimation of rechargeable batteries in electric vehicles using a two-stage nonlinear estimator called the eXogenous Kalman filter (XKF). The nonlinear estimator consists of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-23 Agus Hasan , Martin Skriver , Tor Arne Johansen

LiFePO4 batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to long cycle life and high safety performance. However, the OCV-SOC curve (OSC) of these batteries features a long plateau region, making state of charge…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-01 Daniyaer Paizulamu , Lin Cheng , Yingrui Zhuang , Helin Xu , Ning Qi , Song Ci

This paper addresses the estimation of the State Of Charge (SOC) of lithium-ion cells via the combination of two widely used paradigms: Kalman Filters (KFs) equipped with Equivalent Circuit Models (ECMs) and machine-learning approaches. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Davide Previtali , Daniele Masti , Mirko Mazzoleni , Fabio Previdi

In this paper, we develop a hybrid prediction framework for accurate electric vehicle (EV) charging time estimation, a capability that is critical for trip planning, user satisfaction, and efficient operation of charging infrastructure. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Praharshitha Aryasomayajula , Ting Bai , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

This paper presents findings on dynamic cell modeling for state-of-charge (SOC) estimation in an autonomous electric vehicle (AEV). The studied cells are Lithium-Ion Polymer-based with a nominal capacity of around 8Ah, optimized for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Qasim Ajao , Lanre Sadeeq

Adaptive charging can charge electric vehicles (EVs) at scale cost effectively, despite the uncertainty in EV arrivals. We formulate adaptive EV charging as a feasibility problem that meets all EVs' energy demands before their deadlines…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-18 Niangjun Chen , Christian Kurniawan , Yorie Nakahira , Lijun Chen , Steven H. Low

Accurate prediction of the state-of-health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is essential for ensuring the safety, reliability, and efficient operation of electric vehicles (EVs). Battery packs in EVs experience nonuniform degradation due to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-17 Minsu Kim , Jaehyun Oh , Sang-Young Lee , Junghwan Kim

Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is critical for ensuring the safety, reliability, and efficiency of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Electrochemical models provide high fidelity for SOC…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Guangdi Hu , Keyi Liao , Jian Ye , Feng Guo

Knowledge of remaining battery charge is fundamental to electric vehicle deployment. Accurate measurements of state-of-charge (SOC) cannot be directly obtained, and estimation methods must be used instead. This requires both a good model of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Jasper Knox , Mark Blyth , Alastair Hales

Estimating the state of charge (SOC) of compound energy storage devices in the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) of electric vehicles (EVs) is vital in improving the performance of the EV. The complex and variable charging and discharging…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Chigozie Uzochukwu Udeogu

Accurate state-of-health (SOH) estimation is critical to guarantee the safety, efficiency and reliability of battery-powered applications. Most SOH estimation methods focus on the 0-100\% full state-of-charge (SOC) range that has similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Xin Chen , Yuwen Qin , Weidong Zhao , Qiming Yang , Ningbo Cai , Kai Wu

State of health (SOH) estimation for lithium-ion battery modules with cells connected in parallel is a challenging problem, especially with cell-to-cell variations. Incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and differential voltage analysis (DVA)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-21 Qinan Zhou , Dyche Anderson , Jing Sun

This article presents a novel empirical study for the estimation of the State of Charge (SOC) of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery which uses a deep learning model with three hidden layers. We model a series of ten vehicle drive cycles that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-20 Alexandre Barbosa de Lima , Maurício B. C. Salles , José Roberto Cardoso
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