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Ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrinos are unique cosmic messengers that can traverse cosmological distances unattenuated, offering direct insight into the most energetic processes in the universe. Radio detection promises significant advantages…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-23 Baobiao Yue , Karl-Heinz Kampert , Julian Rautenberg

The radio detection of very inclined air showers offers a promising avenue for studying ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and neutrinos. Accurate reconstruction methods are essential for investigating the properties of primary…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-24 Kewen Zhang , Duan Kaikai , Ramesh Koirala , Matías Tueros , Chao Zhang , Yi Zhang

Optimization of the SPHERE-3 detector configuration, designed to study the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range 1--1000 PeV by registering Cherenkov light reflected from the snow surface, requires simulation of a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-11 V. A. Ivanov , V. I. Galkin , E. A. Bonvech , O. V. Cherkesova , D. V. Chernov , T. A. Kolodkin , N. O. Ovcharenko , D. A. Podgrudkov , T. M. Roganova , M. D. Ziva

Very high energy gamma-ray astronomy based on the measurement of air shower particles at ground-level has only recently been established as a viable approach, complementing the well established air Cherenkov technique. This approach…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-26 Harm Schoorlemmer , Jim Hinton , Rubén López-Coto

In March of 2018, after the completion of the Physics Run 2, an upgrade has been installed at an innovative detector system Horizon-T, with the upgraded version now called Horizon-10T. It was constructed to study Extensive Air Showers (EAS)…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-06-14 D. Beznosko , A. Iakovlev , S. Jakupov , D. Turganov , A. Tussipzhan , T. Uakhitov , M. I. Vildanova , A. Yeltokov , V. V. Zhukov

This study constructs a hybrid module with a multi-material collaborative detection architecture by integrating silicon pixel layers into the longitudinally segmented scintillating fiber sampling calorimeter module and optimizes the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-30 Jia-Le Fei , Ao Yuan , Chang-Heng Huang , Liu-Pan An , Ji-Ke Wang

We present the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultra-high energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between $62^\circ$ and $80^\circ$. The measurement is based on 174 hybrid events recorded…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-12-03 Pierre Auger Collaboration

The water-Cherenkov tanks of the Pierre Auger Observatory can detect particles at all zenith angles and are therefore well-suited for the study of inclined and horizontal air showers (60 - 90 degrees). Such showers are characterised by a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 D. Newton

The proposed SCORE detector consists of a large array of light collecting modules designed to sample the Cherenkov light front of extensive air showers in order to detect high energy gamma-rays. A large spacing of the detector stations…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-04 Daniel Hampf , Martin Tluczykont , Dieter Horns

We consider a ground array of scintillation and water Cherenkov detectors with the purpose of determining the muon content of air showers. The different response characteristics of these two types of detectors to the components of the air…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Javier G. Gonzalez , Markus Roth , Ralph Engel

In this paper, we introduce a laboratory prototype of a solar energetic particle (SEP) detector which will operate along with other space-based instruments to give us more insight into the SEP physics. The instrument is designed to detect…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-10-20 Egor Stadnichuk , Tatyana Abramova , Mikhail Zelenyi , Alexander Izvestnyy , Alexander Nozik , Vladimir Palmin , Ivan Zimovets

Particle Identification (PID) plays a central role in associating the energy depositions in calorimeter cells with the type of primary particle in a particle flow oriented detector system. In this paper, we propose novel PID methods based…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-03-12 Siyuan Song , Jiyuan Chen , Jianbei Liu , Yong Liu , Baohua Qi , Yukun Shi , Jiaxuan Wang , Zhen Wang , Haijun Yang

The ARIANNA hexagonal radio array (HRA) is an experiment in its pilot phase designed to detect cosmogenic neutrinos of energies above 10^16 eV. The most neutrino-like background stems from the radio emission of air showers. This article…

The study of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays, neutrinos and gamma rays is one of the most important challenges in astrophysics. The low fluxes of these particles do not allow one to detect them directly. The detection is performed by the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-12 S. Malakhov , P. Bezyazeekov , O. Fedorov , Y. Kazarina , D. Kostunin , V. Lenok

Radio detection of extensive air showers initiated in the Earth's atmosphere has made tremendous progress in the last decade. Today, radio detection is routinely used in several cosmic-ray observatories. The physics of the radio emission in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-12 Tim Huege

Firm evidence for a radio emission counterpart of cosmic ray air showers is presented. By the use of an antenna array set up in coincidence with ground particle detectors, we find a collection of events for which both time and arrival…

We present a detailed statistical treatment of the energy calibration of hybrid air-shower detectors, which combine a surface detector array and a fluorescence detector, to obtain an unbiased estimate of the calibration curve. The special…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-08 H. P. Dembinski , B. Kégl , I. C. Mariş , M. Roth , D. Veberič

We have developed a new detector of photons and charged particles- a hole-type structure with electrodes made of a double layered resistive material: a thin low resistive layer coated with a layer having a much higher resistivity. One of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2008-11-26 G. Charpak , P. Benaben , P. Breuil , A. Di Mauro , P. Martinengo , V. Peskov

A new SPHERE-3 telescope is being developed for cosmic rays spectrum and mass composition studies in the 5--1000 PeV energy range. Registration of extensive air showers using reflected Cherenkov light method applied in the SPHERE detector…

The Experimental complex NEVOD includes several different setups for studying various components of extensive air showers (EAS) in the energy range from 10^10 to 10^18 eV. The NEVOD-EAS array for detection of the EAS electron-photon…