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In the software development industry, technical debt is regarded as a critical issue in term of the negative consequences such as increased software development cost, low product quality, decreased maintainability, and slowed progress to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Simon Hacks , Hendrik Höfert , Johannes Salentin , Yoon Chow Yeong , Horst Lichter

Context: Technical lag accumulates when software systems fail to keep pace with technological advancements, leading to a deterioration in software quality. Objective: This paper aims to consolidate existing research on technical lag,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shane K. Panter , Nasir U. Eisty

Balancing the management of technical debt within recommender systems requires effectively juggling the introduction of new features with the ongoing maintenance and enhancement of the current system. Within the realm of recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Sergio Moreschini , Ludovik Coba , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Architectural debt is a form of technical debt that derives from the gap between the architectural design of the system as it "should be" compared to "as it is". We measured architecture debt in two ways: 1) in terms of system-wide coupling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Maleknaz Nayebi , Yuanfang Cai , Rick Kazman , Guenther Ruhe , Qiong Feng , Chris Carlson , Francis Chew

Objective. In this work, we report the experience of a Finnish SME in managing Technical Debt (TD), investigating the most common types of TD they faced in the past, their causes, and their effects. Method. We set up a focus group in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Valentina Lenarduzzi , Teemu Orava , Nyyti Saarimäki , Kari Systä , Davide Taibi

Labeling issues with the skills required to complete them can help contributors to choose tasks in Open Source Software projects. However, manually labeling issues is time-consuming and error-prone, and current automated approaches are…

Maintaining software is an ongoing process that stretches beyond the initial release. Stable software versions continuously evolve to fix bugs, add improvements, address security issues, and ensure compatibility. This ongoing support…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jarin Tasnim , Debasish Chakroborti , Chanchal K. Roy , Kevin A. Schneider

Due to its enormous benefits, the research and industry communities have shown an increasing interest in the Microservices Architecture (MSA) style over the last few years. Despite this, there is a limited evidence-based and thorough…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Muhammad Waseem , Peng Liang , Mojtaba Shahin , Aakash Ahmad , Ali Rezaei Nasab

Version control systems for source code, such as Git, are key tools in modern software development environments. Many developers use online services, such as GitHub or GitLab, for collaborative software development. While software projects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Alexander Krause , Jan H. Klemmer , Nicolas Huaman , Dominik Wermke , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

Code quality remains an abstract concept that fails to get traction at the business level. Consequently, software companies keep trading code quality for time-to-market and new features. The resulting technical debt is estimated to waste up…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Adam Tornhill , Markus Borg

Technical Debt management decisions always imply a trade-off among outcomes at different points in time. In such intertemporal choices, distant outcomes are often valued lower than close ones, a phenomenon known as temporal discounting.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Christoph Becker , Fabian Fagerholm , Rahul Mohanani , Alexandros Chatzigeorgiou

Junior indie game developers in distributed, part-time teams lack production frameworks suited to their specific context, as traditional methodologies are often inaccessible. This study introduces the CIGDI (Co-Intelligence Game Development…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yujie Zhang

An issue tracker is a software tool used by organisations to interact with users and manage various aspects of the software development lifecycle. With the rise of agile methodologies, issue trackers have become popular in open and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Lloyd Montgomery , Clara Lüders , Walid Maalej

Test-driven development (TDD) is a programming technique in which the tests are written prior to the source code. It is proposed that TDD is one of the most fundamental practices enabling the development of software in an agile and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Maria Siniaalto , Pekka Abrahamsson

Test-driven development (TDD) is the practice of writing tests first and coding later, and the proponents of TDD expound its numerous benefits. For instance, given an issue on a source code repository, tests can clarify the desired behavior…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Toufique Ahmed , Martin Hirzel , Rangeet Pan , Avraham Shinnar , Saurabh Sinha

Issue Tracking Systems (ITSs) enable software developers and managers to collect and resolve issues collaboratively. While researchers have extensively analysed ITS data to automate or assist specific activities such as issue assignments,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Lloyd Montgomery , Clara Lüders , Christian Rahe , Walid Maalej

Data-intensive systems handle variable, high volume, and high-velocity data generated by human and digital devices. Like traditional software, data-intensive systems are prone to technical debts introduced to cope-up with the pressure of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Biruk Asmare Muse , Kawser Wazed Nafi , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

Context. Companies commonly invest effort to remove technical issues believed to impact software qualities, such as removing anti-patterns or coding styles violations. Objective. Our aim is to analyze the diffuseness of Technical Debt (TD)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Valentina Lenarduzzi , Nyyti Saarimäki , Davide Taibi

This paper presents an analysis of technical debt management through resources allocation policies in software maintenance process during its operation to demonstrate how different strategies leads to the emergence of different behaviors…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Eduardo Ferreira Franco , Joaquim Rocha , Hamilton Carvalho , Martins Marcelo , Kechi Hirama

To effectively manage Technical Debt (TD), we need reliable means to quantify it. We conducted a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) where we identified TD quantification approaches that focus on different aspects of TD. Some approaches base the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Judith Perera , Ewan Tempero , Yu-Cheng Tu , Kelly Blincoe