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Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) imaging systems with the ability in detection of millimeter-sized tumors were developed in recent years. And some of them have been well used in clinical applications. In consideration of biopsy…
The development of mathematical models of cancer informed by time-resolved measurements has enabled personalised predictions of tumour growth and treatment response. However, frequent cancer monitoring is rare, and many tumours are treated…
Current physics models used to interpret experimental measurements of particle beams require either simplifying assumptions to be made in order to ensure analytical tractability, or black box optimization methods to perform model based…
Inverse imaging problems (IIPs) arise in various applications, with the main objective of reconstructing an image from its compressed measurements. This problem is often ill-posed for being under-determined with multiple interchangeably…
The measurement of beam emittances by extracting the quadrupole mode signal from a 4 plate beam position monitor (BPM) was published at least 40 years ago. Unfortunately, in practice, this method suffers from poor signal to noise ratio and…
The efficiency of beam injection in circular accelerators can be impacted by unknown aperture limitations in the vacuum chamber. These limitations can be detected by introducing localized distortions to the closed orbit of the circulating…
To accelerate the scale-up of gaseous CO2 fermentation reactors, computational models need to predict gas-to-liquid mass transfer which requires capturing the bubble size dynamics, i.e. bubble breakup and coalescence. However, the…
We present a highly efficient molecular dynamics scheme for calculating the concentration depth profile of dopants in ion irradiated materials. The scheme incorporates several methods for reducing the computational overhead, plus a rare…
Masked Image Modeling (MIM) achieves outstanding success in self-supervised representation learning. Unfortunately, MIM models typically have huge computational burden and slow learning process, which is an inevitable obstacle for their…
Image pyramids are commonly used in modern computer vision tasks to obtain multi-scale features for precise understanding of images. However, image pyramids process multiple resolutions of images using the same large-scale model, which…
Rescattering electrons offer great potential as probes of molecular properties on ultrafast timescales. The most famous example is molecular tomography, in which high harmonic spectra of oriented molecules are mapped to ``tomographic…
Ionization chambers are essential for activity determinations in radionuclide metrology. We have developed a high-precision integrating-differentiating (int-diff) system for measuring small currents. It is anticipated to enhance the…
Machine learning continues to grow in popularity in academia, in industry, and is increasingly used in other fields. However, most of the common metrics used to evaluate even simple binary classification models have shortcomings that are…
Nanopores attracted a great deal of scientific interest as templates for biological sensors as well as model systems to understand transport phenomena at the nanoscale. The experimental and theoretical analysis of nanopores has been so far…
Three methods for handling beam-beam effects in luminosity measurement at ILC are tested and evaluated in this work. The first method represents an optimization of the LEP-type asymmetric selection cuts that reduce the counting biases. The…
Many application areas rely on models that can be readily simulated but lack a closed-form likelihood, or an accurate approximation under arbitrary parameter values. Existing parameter estimation approaches in this setting are generally…
Precise alignment of the electron beam is critical for successful application of scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) to understanding materials at atomic level. Despite the success of aberration correctors, aberration…
Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used as photon sensors for neutrino and dark matter detection. Accurate charge and time information extracted from PMT waveforms is crucial for event reconstruction. An algorithm based on…
Beam search is widely used for approximate decoding in structured prediction problems. Models often use a beam at test time but ignore its existence at train time, and therefore do not explicitly learn how to use the beam. We develop an…
21-cm Intensity Mapping (IM) is a promising approach to detecting information about the large-scale structure beyond the local universe. One of the biggest challenges for an IM observation is the foreground removal procedure. In this paper,…