Related papers: Time Observables in a Timeless Universe
Some results are reviewed and developments are presented on the study of Time in quantum mechanics as an observable, canonically conjugate to energy. Operators for the observable Time are investigated in particle and photon quantum theory.…
In this work we will advance farther along a line previously developed concerning our proposal of a time interval operator, on finite dimensional spaces. The time interval operator is Hermitian, and its eigenvalues are time values with a…
The understanding of time and dynamics can be elucidated by examining the concept of entanglement in quantum theory. This particular perspective on time is referred to as the timeless approach, which posits that the universe exists in a…
The operational approach to time is a cornerstone of relativistic theories, as evidenced by the notion of proper time. In standard quantum mechanics, however, time is an external parameter. Recently, many attempts have been made to extend…
The failure of conventional quantum theory to recognize time as an observable and to admit time operators is addressed. Instead of focusing on the existence of a time operator for a given Hamiltonian, we emphasize the role of the…
There are a number of problematic features within the current treatment of time in physical theories, including the "timelessness" of the Universe as encapsulated by the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. This paper considers one particular…
Aim of this paper is trying to show the possible significance, and usefulness, of various non-selfadjoint operators for suitable Observables in non-relativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics, and in quantum electrodynamics: More…
A non-Hermitian operator may serve as the Hamiltonian for a unitary quantum system, if we can modify the Hilbert space of state vectors of the system so that it turns into a Hermitian operator. If this operator is time-dependent, the…
We present a coherent and consistent framework for explicit time-dependence in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics. The area of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics has been growing rapidly over the past twenty years. This has been driven by the…
An apparent paradox is resolved that concerns the existence of time operators which have been derived for the quantum harmonic oscillator. There is an apparent paradox because, although a time operator is canonically conjugate to the…
Time in relativity theory has a status different from that adopted by standard quantum mechanics, where time is considered as a parameter measured with reference to an external absolute Newtonian frame. This status strongly restricts its…
There are enough reasons for us to consider time as a dynamical variable or operator; but according to Pauli's argument the existence of a self-adjoint time operator is incompatible with the semi-boundedness of Hamiltonian spectrum. In this…
Physical systems are usually assumed to evolve relative to an external time parameter, which is problematic because in quantum theory that parameter is not a physical observable. Page & Wootters (1984) solved this by proposing that the…
In a remarkable development Bender and coworkers have shown that it is possible to formulate quantum mechanics consistently even if the Hamiltonian and other observables are not Hermitian. Their formulation, dubbed PT quantum mechanics,…
A non-Hermitian operator $H$ defined in a Hilbert space with inner product $\langle\cdot|\cdot\rangle$ may serve as the Hamiltonian for a unitary quantum system, if it is $\eta$-pseudo-Hermitian for a metric operator (positive-definite…
Describing systems with non-Hermitian (NH) operators remains a challenge in quantum theory due to instabilities (e.g., exceptional points and decoherence) arising from interactions with the environment. We propose a framework to express the…
In quantum mechanics, time is introduced as a non-measurable quantity, as there is no possibility to build a hermitian operator canonically conjugated to the Hamiltonian. We cannot have, therefore, the time operator, which means that the…
A time operator is a Hermitian operator that is canonically conjugate to a given Hamiltonian. For a particle in 1-dimension, a Hamiltonian conjugate operator in position representation can be obtained by solving a hyperbolic second-order…
A self-adjoint dynamical time operator is introduced in Dirac's relativistic formulation of quantum mechanics and shown to satisfy a commutation relation with the Hamiltonian analogous to that of the position and momentum operators. The…
Quantum mechanical time operator is introduced following the parametric formulation of classical mechanics in the extended phase space. Quantum constraint on the extended quantum system is defined in analogy to the constraint of the…