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In state-of-the-art deep neural networks, both feature normalization and feature attention have become ubiquitous. % with significant performance improvement shown in a vast amount of tasks. They are usually studied as separate modules,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Xilai Li , Wei Sun , Tianfu Wu

Data augmentation is one of the most popular techniques for improving the robustness of neural networks. In addition to directly training the model with original samples and augmented samples, a torrent of methods regularizing the distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Haohan Wang , Zeyi Huang , Xindi Wu , Eric P. Xing

Batch Normalization (BN)(Ioffe and Szegedy 2015) normalizes the features of an input image via statistics of a batch of images and hence BN will bring the noise to the gradient of the training loss. Previous works indicate that the noise is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Senwei Liang , Zhongzhan Huang , Mingfu Liang , Haizhao Yang

Deep artificial neural networks have made remarkable progress in different tasks in the field of computer vision. However, the empirical analysis of these models and investigation of their failure cases has received attention recently. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-10 Babak Saleh , Ahmed Elgammal , Jacob Feldman

Real-world image recognition is often challenged by the variability of visual styles including object textures, lighting conditions, filter effects, etc. Although these variations have been deemed to be implicitly handled by more training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Hyeonseob Nam , Hyo-Eun Kim

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have begun to thrive in the field of automation systems, owing to the recent advancements in standardising various aspects such as architecture, optimization techniques, and regularization. In this paper, we take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Anand Krishnamoorthy Subramanian , Nak Young Chong

Standard deep neural networks (DNNs) are commonly trained in an end-to-end fashion for specific tasks such as object recognition, face identification, or character recognition, among many examples. This specificity often leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Raphaël Achddou , J. Matias di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

This study introduces a new normalization layer termed Batch Layer Normalization (BLN) to reduce the problem of internal covariate shift in deep neural network layers. As a combined version of batch and layer normalization, BLN adaptively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Amir Ziaee , Erion Çano

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used to create models for many complex analysis problems like image recognition and medical diagnosis. DNNs are a popular tool within machine learning due to their ability to model complex patterns and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Parth Patil , Ben Boardley , Jack Gardner , Emily Loiselle , Deerajkumar Parthipan

Normalization methods are a central building block in the deep learning toolbox. They accelerate and stabilize training, while decreasing the dependence on manually tuned learning rate schedules. When learning from multi-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Lucas Deecke , Iain Murray , Hakan Bilen

Deep learning based image steganalysis has attracted increasing attentions in recent years. Several Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have been proposed and achieved state-of-the-art performances on detecting steganography. In this…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Songtao Wu , Sheng-hua Zhong , Yan Liu

Continual learning entails learning a sequence of tasks and balancing their knowledge appropriately. With limited access to old training samples, much of the current work in deep neural networks has focused on overcoming catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Yilin Lyu , Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Zicheng Sun , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Liping Jing

Layer normalization is a recently introduced technique for normalizing the activities of neurons in deep neural networks to improve the training speed and stability. In this paper, we introduce a new layer normalization technique called…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Taesup Kim , Inchul Song , Yoshua Bengio

Batch normalization (BN) is a technique to normalize activations in intermediate layers of deep neural networks. Its tendency to improve accuracy and speed up training have established BN as a favorite technique in deep learning. Yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Johan Bjorck , Carla Gomes , Bart Selman , Kilian Q. Weinberger

While the authors of Batch Normalization (BN) identify and address an important problem involved in training deep networks-- \textit{Internal Covariate Shift}-- the current solution has certain drawbacks. For instance, BN depends on batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-21 Devansh Arpit , Yingbo Zhou , Hung Ngo , Venu Govindaraju

The large capacity of neural networks enables them to learn complex functions. To avoid overfitting, networks however require a lot of training data that can be expensive and time-consuming to collect. A common practical approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Majed El Helou , Frederike Dümbgen , Sabine Süsstrunk

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have proven to be state-of-the-art models for supervised computer vision tasks, such as image classification. However, large labeled data sets are generally needed for the training and validation of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Patrick Hemmer , Niklas Kühl , Jakob Schöffer

Extensive researches have applied deep neural networks (DNNs) in class incremental learning (Class-IL). As building blocks of DNNs, batch normalization (BN) standardizes intermediate feature maps and has been widely validated to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Minghao Zhou , Quanziang Wang , Jun Shu , Qian Zhao , Deyu Meng

Batch normalization (BN) is a fundamental unit in modern deep networks, in which a linear transformation module was designed for improving BN's flexibility of fitting complex data distributions. In this paper, we demonstrate properly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Cihang Xie , Jieru Mei , Siyuan Qiao , Wei Shen , Hongkai Xiong , Alan Yuille

The normalizing layer has become one of the basic configurations of deep learning models, but it still suffers from computational inefficiency, interpretability difficulties, and low generality. After gaining a deeper understanding of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Chang Liu , Yuwen Yang , Yue Ding , Hongtao Lu