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Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful method for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution. Here, we present a general theory of the decoy state protocol based on only two decoy states and one signal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 X. Ma , B. Qi , Y. Zhao , H. -K. Lo

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that allows secure key exchange between two distant users. A widespread adoption of QKD requires the development of simple, low-cost, and stable systems. However, implementation of the current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Di Ma , Xin Liu , Chunfeng Huang , Huasheng Chen , Huanbin Lin , Kejin Wei

Photon number resolving detectors can enhance the performance of many practical quantum cryptographic setups. In this paper, we employ a simple method to estimate the statistics provided by such a photon number resolving detector using only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Tobias Moroder , Marcos Curty , Norbert Lütkenhaus

In order to beat any type of photon-number-splitting attack, we propose a protocol for quantum key distributoin (QKD) using 4 different intensities of pulses. They are vacuum and coherent states with mean photon number $\mu,\mu'$ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Xiang-Bin Wang

Satellite based quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to establish secure key exchange over long distances despite significant technological challenges. To alleviate some of these challenges, Ghalaii et al. [PRX Quantum 4, 040320 (2023)]…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Lewis Wooltorton , Twesh Upadhyaya , Mohsen Razavi

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) using optical coherent detectors is practically favorable due to its low implementation cost, flexibility of wavelength division multiplexing, and compatibility with standard coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Anran Jin , Xingjian Zhang , Liang Jiang , Richard V. Penty , Pei Zeng

Advancements in practical single-photon sources (SPS) exhibiting high brightness and low $g^{(2)}(0)$ have garnered significant interest for their application in quantum key distribution (QKD). To assess their QKD performance, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Roberto G. Pousa , Daniel K. L. Oi , John Jeffers

We introduce a ternary quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and asymptotic security proof based on three coherent states and homodyne detection. Previous work had considered the binary case of two coherent states and here we nontrivially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-14 Kamil Bradler , Christian Weedbrook

Signal state preparation in quantum key distribution schemes can be realized using either an active or a passive source. Passive sources might be valuable in some scenarios; for instance, in those experimental setups operating at high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Marcos Curty , Marc Jofre , Valerio Pruneri , Morgan W. Mitchell

Quantum computing poses significant threats to conventional cryptographic techniques such as RSA and AES, motivating the need for quantum secure communication methods. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information theoretic security…

The goal of quantum key distribution (QKD) is to establish a secure key between two parties connected by an insecure quantum channel. To use a QKD protocol in practice, one has to prove that a finite size key is secure against general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-21 Tony Metger , Renato Renner

Integrated photonics provides a promising platform for quantum key distribution (QKD) system in terms of miniaturization, robustness and scalability. Tremendous QKD works based on integrated photonics have been reported. Nonetheless, most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Kejin Wei , Xiao Hu , Yongqiang Du , Xin Hua , Zhengeng Zhao , Ye Chen , Chunfeng Huang , Xi Xiao

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) is a revolutionary protocol since it is physically immune to all attacks on the detection side. However, the protocol still keeps the strict assumptions on the source side…

We prove the security of the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol in the case where the source and detector are under the limited control of an adversary. Our proof applies when both the source and the detector have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Norbert Lütkenhaus , John Preskill

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol has been proved to provide unconditionally secure key between two remote legitimate users in theory. Key distribution signals are transmitted in a quantum channel which is established by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Yang-Yang Fei , Xiang-Dong Meng , Ming Gao , Hong Wang , Zhi Ma

Time-energy high-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) leverages the high-dimensional nature of time-energy entangled biphotons and the loss tolerance of single-photon detection to achieve long-distance key distribution with high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-24 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Feihu Xu , Fabian Furrer , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Quantum key distribution (QKD) which enables information-theoretically security is now heading towards quantum secure networks. It requires high-performance and cost-effective protocols while increasing the number of users. Unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Yiming Bian , Yi-Chen Zhang , Chao Zhou , Song Yu , Zhengyu Li , Hong Guo

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) allows to achieve information-theoretic secure communications, providing high key generation rates which cannot in principle be obtained by QKD protocols with binary encoding. Nonetheless, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 I. Vagniluca , B. Da Lio , D. Rusca , D. Cozzolino , Y. Ding , H. Zbinden , A. Zavatta , L. K. Oxenløwe , D. Bacco

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most explored application of quantum information theory. A central problem in entanglement-based QKD (EB-QKD), is whether every entangled state can be used to extract a key. We observe that entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Shubhayan Sarkar , Tushita Prasad , Karol Horodecki

We prove the unconditional security of the standard six-state scheme for quantum key distribution (QKD). We demonstrate its unconditional security up to a bit error rate of 12.7 percents, by allowing only one-way classical communications in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hoi-Kwong Lo