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Grammar-based compression is a popular and powerful approach to compressing repetitive texts but until recently its relatively poor time-space trade-offs during real-life construction made it impractical for truly massive datasets such as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Travis Gagie , Tomohiro I , Giovanni Manzini , Gonzalo Navarro , Hiroshi Sakamoto , Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Yoshimasa Takabatake

Grammar based compression, where one replaces a long string by a small context-free grammar that generates the string, is a simple and powerful paradigm that captures many popular compression schemes. In this paper, we present a novel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-30 Philip Bille , Gad M. Landau , Rajeev Raman , Kunihiko Sadakane , Srinivasa Rao Satti , Oren Weimann

We study the problem of computing the probability that a given stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG), G, generates a string in a given regular language L(D) (given by a DFA, D). This basic problem has a number of applications in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-27 Kousha Etessami , Alistair Stewart , Mihalis Yannakakis

In this paper we present a simple linear-time algorithm constructing a context-free grammar of size O(g log(N/g)) for the input string, where N is the size of the input string and g the size of the optimal grammar generating this string.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-11-08 Artur Jeż

Grammar-based compression is a widely-accepted model of string compression that allows for efficient and direct manipulations on the compressed data. Most, if not all, such manipulations rely on the primitive \emph{random access} queries, a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Alan M. Cleary , Joseph Winjum , Jordan Dood , Shunsuke Inenaga

In grammar-based compression a string is represented by a context-free grammar, also called a straight-line program (SLP), that generates only that string. We refine a recent balancing result stating that one can transform an SLP of size…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Moses Ganardi

Traditional Linear Genetic Programming (LGP) algorithms are based only on the selection mechanism to guide the search. Genetic operators combine or mutate random portions of the individuals, without knowing if the result will lead to a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Léo Françoso Dal Piccol Sotto , Vinícius Veloso de Melo

We present an efficient algorithm for computing the LZ78 factorization of a text, where the text is represented as a straight line program (SLP), which is a context free grammar in the Chomsky normal form that generates a single string.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-05-27 Hideo Bannai , Shunsuke Inenaga , Masayuki Takeda

A simple linear-time algorithm for constructing a linear context-free tree grammar of size O(rg + r g log (n/r g))for a given input tree T of size n is presented, where g is the size of a minimal linear context-free tree grammar for T, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Artur Jeż , Markus Lohrey

In this paper, a fully compressed pattern matching problem is studied. The compression is represented by straight-line programs (SLPs), i.e. a context-free grammars generating exactly one string; the term fully means that both the pattern…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-06-26 Artur Jeż

Prompt compression methods enhance the efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) and minimize the cost by reducing the length of input context. The goal of prompt compression is to shorten the LLM prompt while maintaining a high generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Tinghui Zhang , Yifan Wang , Daisy Zhe Wang

Let a text $T[1..n]$ be the only string generated by a context-free grammar with $g$ (terminal and nonterminal) symbols, and of size $G$ (measured as the sum of the lengths of the right-hand sides of the rules). Such a grammar, called a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Francisco Claude , Gonzalo Navarro , Alejandro Pacheco

Probabilistic context-free grammars have a long-term record of use as generative models in machine learning and symbolic regression. When used for symbolic regression, they generate algebraic expressions. We define the latter as equivalence…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Urh Primožič , Ljupčo Todorovski , Matej Petković

In this paper, we propose a globally normalized model for context-free grammar (CFG)-based semantic parsing. Instead of predicting a probability, our model predicts a real-valued score at each step and does not suffer from the label bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Chenyang Huang , Wei Yang , Yanshuai Cao , Osmar Zaïane , Lili Mou

Grammar compression is a general compression framework in which a string $T$ of length $N$ is represented as a context-free grammar of size $n$ whose language contains only $T$. In this paper, we focus on studying the limitations of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Rajat De , Dominik Kempa

We study the compressed representation of a ranked tree by a (string) straight-line program (SLP) for its preorder traversal, and compare it with the well-studied representation by straight-line context free tree grammars (which are also…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Moses Ganardi , Danny Hucke , Markus Lohrey , Eric Noeth

The convolution between a text string $S$ of length $N$ and a pattern string $P$ of length $m$ can be computed in $O(N \log m)$ time by FFT. It is known that various types of approximate string matching problems are reducible to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Toshiya Tanaka , Tomohiro I , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

Long-context large language models remain computationally expensive to run and often fail to reliably process very long inputs, which makes context compression an important component of many systems. Existing compression approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yitian Zhou , Chaoning Zhang , Jiaquan Zhang , Zhenzhen Huang , Jinyu Guo , Sung-Ho Bae , Lik-Hang Lee , Caiyan Qin , Yang Yang

This paper presents a model-based, unsupervised algorithm for recovering word boundaries in a natural-language text from which they have been deleted. The algorithm is derived from a probability model of the source that generated the text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Michael R. Brent

Various grammar compression algorithms have been proposed in the last decade. A grammar compression is a restricted CFG deriving the string deterministically. An efficient grammar compression develops a smaller CFG by finding duplicated…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-01 Shouhei Fukunaga , Yoshimasa Takabatake , I Tomohiro , Hiroshi Sakamoto
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