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Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) promise perfectly unpredictable random numbers. However, the security certification of the random numbers in form of a stochastic model often introduces assumptions that are either hardly justified…

In recent years, true random number generators (TRNGs) based on magnetic tunnelling junction (MTJ) have become increasingly attractive. This is because MTJ-based TRNGs offer some advantages over traditional CMOS-based TRNGs, such as smaller…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Hong Jie Ng , Shuhan Yang , Zhaoyang Yao , Hyunsoo Yang , Charles C. -W. Lim

We compute the number of circuits and of loops with multiple crossings in random regular graphs. We discuss the importance of this issue for the validity of the cavity approach. On the one side we obtain analytic results for the infinite…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Enzo Marinari , Remi Monasson

We derive recursions for the probability distribution of random sums by computer algebra. Unlike the well-known Panjer-type recursions, they are of finite order and thus allow for computation in linear time. This efficiency is bought by the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-07-23 S. Gerhold , R. Warnung

Random numbers are indispensable resources for application in modern science and technology. Therefore, a dedicate entropy source is essential, particularly cryptographic tasks and modern applications. In this work, we experimentally…

Quantum Key Distribution is the process of using quantum communication to establish a shared key between two parties. It has been demonstrated the unconditional security and effective communication of quantum communication system can be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-04 Yue Hu , Yan Wu , Yi Chen , G. C. Wan , S. T. Mei

Consider an urn model where at each step one of $q$ colors is sampled according to some probability distribution and a ball of that color is placed in an urn. The distribution of assigning balls to urns may depend on the color of the ball.…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya

Since the work of Ferrenberg et al.[PRL 69, (1992)] some pseudo random number generators are known to yield wrong results in cluster Monte Carlo simulations. In this contribution the fundamental mechanism behind this failure is discussed.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephan Mertens , Heiko Bauke

We outline some of Chris Wallace's contributions to pseudo-random number generation. In particular, we consider his idea for generating normally distributed variates without relying on a source of uniform random numbers, and compare it with…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Richard P. Brent

The study addresses the problem of precision in floating-point (FP) computations. A method for estimating the errors which affect intermediate and final results is proposed and a summary of many software simulations is discussed. The basic…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2012-01-31 Glauco Masotti

Given a (possibly infinite) subset $A$ of the natural numbers, we ask how many times a fair six-sided die must be rolled until the rolled numbers add up to an element of $A$. Using a one-dimensional dynamic programming recursion together…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Christoph Koutschan , Tipaluck Krityakierne , Thotsaporn Aek Thanatipanonda

We apply in this article (non rigorous) statistical mechanics methods to the problem of counting long circuits in graphs. The outcomes of this approach have two complementary flavours. On the algorithmic side, we propose an approximate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Enzo Marinari , Guilhem Semerjian

Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We…

A cloud quantum computer is similar to a random number generator in that its physical mechanism is inaccessible to its users. In this respect, a cloud quantum computer is a black box. In both devices, its users decide the device condition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 Kentaro Tamura , Yutaka Shikano

Traffic Intersections are vital to urban road networks as they regulate the movement of people and goods. However, they are regions of conflicting trajectories and are prone to accidents. Deep Generative models of traffic dynamics at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yash Ranjan , Rahul Sengupta , Anand Rangarajan , Sanjay Ranka

The prototype quantum random number (random bit) generators (QRNG) consists of one photon at a time falling on a $50:50$ beam splitter followed by random detection in one or the other other output beams due to the irreducible probabilistic…

The fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, such as its probabilistic nature, allow for the theoretical ability of quantum computers to generate statistically random numbers, as opposed to classical computers which are only able to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-24 Owen Root , Maria Becker

Graphs are used in many disciplines to model the relationships that exist between objects in a complex discrete system. Researchers may wish to compare a network of interest to a "typical" graph from a family (or ensemble) of graphs which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Catherine Greenhill

The degree to which gamma ray bursts are collimated is now the dominant uncertainty in their energy requirements and event rates. In this review I begin with the reasons for studying GRB collimation, then discuss existing tests for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 James E. Rhoads

In this article, we provide three generators of propositional formulae for arbitrary languages, which uniformly sample three different formulae spaces. They take the same three parameters as input, namely, a desired depth, a set of atomics…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Ariel J. Roffe , Joaquin S. Toranzo Calderon