Related papers: Are vector vortex beams endowed with any entanglem…
We present an approach to fully characterize the polarization of general vector light beams. When attempting to generalize the notion of Stokes parameters to nonparaxial light beams in momentum space, we find that the Jones function that…
When generalized from plane waves to general vector beams, the notion of polarization described by the Stokes parameters turns out to be defined in a momentum-associated system that is fixed by the so-called Stratton vector. As the true…
It was recently realized that the polarization bases of the plane-wave modes in the integral representation of a light beam need to be determined by a degree of freedom arising from the divergence-free Maxwell's equation. This is a…
Light beams having a vectorial field structure - or polarization - that varies over the transverse profile and a central optical singularity are called vector-vortex (VV) beams and may exhibit specific properties, such as focusing into…
Vector beams are often regarded as non-separable superpositions of spatial and polarization degrees of freedom that satisfy the wave equation. This interpretation ties their polarization structure to their spatial shape. Here, we introduce…
Vector vortex beams, featuring independent spatial modes in orthogonal polarization components, offer an increase in information density for emerging applications in both classical and quantum communication technology. Recent advances in…
Vector beams (VBs) are fully polarized beams with spatially varying polarization distributions, and they have found widespread use in numerous applications such as microscopy, metrology, optical trapping, nano-photonics, and communications.…
It has been accepted that the polarization of the photon in vector beams is entangled with its momentum. Here a quantum description is advanced for the polarization that shows entanglement with the momentum. This is done by showing that the…
States of light encoding multiple polarizations - vector beams - offer unique capabilities in metrology and communication. However, their practical application is limited by the lack of methods for measuring many polarizations in a scalable…
Increasing the complexity of a light field through the advanced manipulation of its degrees of freedom (DoF) provides new opportunities for fundamental studies and technologies. Correlating polarization with the light's spatial or spectral…
The Stokes-parameter operators and the associated Poincare sphere, which describe the quantum-optical polarization properties of light, are defined and their basic properties are reviewed. The general features of the Stokes operators are…
Complex vector light fields have become a topic of late due to their exotic features, such as their non--homogeneous transverse polarisation distributions and the non-separable coupling between their spatial and polarisation degrees of…
Structured light is attracting significant attention for its diverse applications in both classical and quantum optics. The so-called vector vortex beams display peculiar properties in both contexts due to the non-trivial correlations…
We report that the true intrinsic degree of freedom of the photon is neither the polarization nor the spin. It describes a local property in momentum space and is represented in the local representation by the Pauli matrices. This result is…
Vector optical vortices exhibit complex polarisation patterns due to the interplay between spin and orbital angular momenta. Here we demonstrate, both analytically and with simulations, that certain polarisation features of optical vortex…
We report the efficient creation and detection of hybrid entanglement between one photon's polarization and another photon's complex transverse polarization pattern. The polarization measurement of the first photon triggers a polarization…
The properties of vector vortex beams in vertical-cavity-surface emitting lasers with frequency-selective feedback is investigated. They are interpreted as high-order vortex solitons with a spatially non-uniform, but locally linear…
It was generally assumed that the Stokes parameters are complete characterization for the state of polarization of a plane light wave so that their counterparts in quantum optics, called the Stokes operators, represent the polarization of…
Polarization speckle is a fine granular light pattern having spatially varying random polarization profile. We generate these speckle patterns by using the scattering of Poincar\'e beams, a special class of vector vortex beams, through a…
The Mueller-Stokes formalism which governs conventional polarization optics is formulated for plane waves, and thus the only qualification one could demand of a $4\times 4$ real matrix $M$ in order that it qualifies to be the Mueller matrix…