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In many real-world tasks, particularly those involving data objects with complicated semantics such as images and texts, one object can be represented by multiple instances and simultaneously be associated with multiple labels. Such tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Sheng-Jun Huang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

The predictions of Large Language Models (LLMs) on downstream tasks often improve significantly when including examples of the input--label relationship in the context. However, there is currently no consensus about how this in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Jannik Kossen , Yarin Gal , Tom Rainforth

Partial label learning (PLL) is a class of weakly supervised learning where each training instance consists of a data and a set of candidate labels containing a unique ground truth label. To tackle this problem, a majority of current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Junghoon Seo , Joon Suk Huh

Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMC) involves learning a classifier that can assign an input with a subset of most relevant labels from millions of label choices. Recent works in this domain have increasingly focused on a symmetric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Siddhant Kharbanda , Devaansh Gupta , Erik Schultheis , Atmadeep Banerjee , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Rohit Babbar

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is a weakly supervised learning paradigm for multiclass classification, where only complementary labels -- indicating classes an instance does not belong to -- are provided to the learning algorithm.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Nai-Xuan Ye , Tan-Ha Mai , Hsiu-Hsuan Wang , Wei-I Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Label distribution learning (LDL) is a novel paradigm that describe the samples by label distribution of a sample. However, acquiring LDL dataset is costly and time-consuming, which leads to the birth of incomplete label distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiecheng Jiang , Jiawei Tang , Jiahao Jiang , Hui Liu , Junhui Hou , Yuheng Jia

In many applications, especially due to lack of supervision or privacy concerns, the training data is grouped into bags of instances (feature-vectors) and for each bag we have only an aggregate label derived from the instance-labels in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Sagalpreet Singh , Navodita Sharma , Shreyas Havaldar , Rishi Saket , Aravindan Raghuveer

It is well-known that exploiting label correlations is crucially important to multi-label learning. Most of the existing approaches take label correlations as prior knowledge, which may not correctly characterize the real relationships…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Lei Feng , Bo An , Shuo He

Multi-label classification is an important learning problem with many applications. In this work, we propose a principled similarity-based approach for multi-label learning called SML. We also introduce a similarity-based approach for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-31 Ryan A. Rossi , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Hoda Eldardiry , Rong Zhou

Due to the expensive costs of collecting labels in multi-label classification datasets, partially annotated multi-label classification has become an emerging field in computer vision. One baseline approach to this task is to assume…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Youngwook Kim , Jae Myung Kim , Jieun Jeong , Cordelia Schmid , Zeynep Akata , Jungwoo Lee

Learning with label proportions (LLP), which is a learning task that only provides unlabeled data in bags and each bag's label proportion, has widespread successful applications in practice. However, most of the existing LLP methods don't…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Yanshan Xiao , HuaiPei Wang , Bo Liu

Multi-Label Continual Learning (MLCL) builds a class-incremental framework in a sequential multi-label image recognition data stream. The critical challenges of MLCL are the construction of label relationships on past-missing and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kaile Du , Fan Lyu , Linyan Li , Fuyuan Hu , Wei Feng , Fenglei Xu , Xuefeng Xi , Hanjing Cheng

In-Context Learning (ICL) is an emergent capability of Large Language Models (LLMs). Only a few demonstrations enable LLMs to be used as blackbox for new tasks. Previous studies have shown that using LLMs' outputs as labels is effective in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Kazuma Hashimoto , Karthik Raman , Michael Bendersky

Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy

Complementary-label Learning (CLL) is a form of weakly supervised learning that trains an ordinary classifier using only complementary labels, which are the classes that certain instances do not belong to. While existing CLL studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Wei-I Lin , Gang Niu , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Masashi Sugiyama

With the emergence of diverse data collection techniques, objects in real applications can be represented as multi-modal features. What's more, objects may have multiple semantic meanings. Multi-modal and Multi-label (MMML) problem becomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Yi Zhang , Cheng Zeng , Hao Cheng , Chongjun Wang , Lei Zhang

In multi-label classification, an instance may be associated with a set of labels simultaneously. Recently, the research on multi-label classification has largely shifted its focus to the other end of the spectrum where the number of labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Li Li , Houfeng Wang

In-Context Learning (ICL) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle diverse tasks by incorporating multiple input-output examples, known as demonstrations, into the input of LLMs. More recently, advancements in the expanded context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Jundong Li , Cong Shen

Complementary Labels Learning (CLL) arises in many real-world tasks such as private questions classification and online learning, which aims to alleviate the annotation cost compared with standard supervised learning. Unfortunately, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Zhongnian Li , Jian Zhang , Mengting Xu , Xinzheng Xu , Daoqiang Zhang

Noisy partial label learning (noisy PLL) is an important branch of weakly supervised learning. Unlike PLL where the ground-truth label must conceal in the candidate label set, noisy PLL relaxes this constraint and allows the ground-truth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Mingyu Xu , Zheng Lian , Lei Feng , Bin Liu , Jianhua Tao