English
Related papers

Related papers: Generalizing Randomized Trial Findings to a Target…

200 papers

Measurement error is a pervasive issue which renders the results of an analysis unreliable. The measurement error literature contains numerous correction techniques, which can be broadly divided into those which aim to produce exactly…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-08 Dylan Spicker , Michael P Wallace , Grace Y Yi

Randomized experiments are widely used to estimate the causal effects of a proposed treatment in many areas of science, from medicine and healthcare to the physical and biological sciences, from the social sciences to engineering, to public…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-30 Christina Lee Yu , Edoardo M Airoldi , Christian Borgs , Jennifer T Chayes

The network scale-up method enables researchers to estimate the size of hidden populations, such as drug injectors and sex workers, using sampled social network data. The basic scale-up estimator offers advantages over other size estimation…

Applications · Statistics 2016-11-14 Dennis M. Feehan , Matthew J. Salganik

Large-scale surveys are essential tools for informing social science research and policy, but running surveys is costly and time-intensive. If we could accurately simulate group-level survey results, this would therefore be very valuable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yong Cao , Haijiang Liu , Arnav Arora , Isabelle Augenstein , Paul Röttger , Daniel Hershcovich

Treatment effects estimated from a randomized controlled trial are local not only to the study population but also to the time at which the trial was conducted. The literature on generalizing experimental findings to new populations is…

When estimating an effect of an action with a randomized or observational study, that study is often not a random sample of the desired target population. Instead, estimates from that study can be transported to the target population.…

In population studies, it is standard to sample data via designs in which the population is divided into strata, with the different strata assigned different probabilities of inclusion. Although there have been some proposals for including…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-09-29 T. Kunihama , A. H. Herring , C. T. Halpern , D. B. Dunson

Composite endpoints are increasingly used in clinical trials to capture treatment effects across multiple or hierarchically ordered outcomes. Although inference procedures based on win statistics, such as the win ratio, win odds, and net…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-28 Xi Fang , Zhiqiang Cao , Fan Li

Individualized treatment decisions can improve health outcomes, but using data to make these decisions in a reliable, precise, and generalizable way is challenging with a single dataset. Leveraging multiple randomized controlled trials…

RCTs sometimes test interventions that aim to improve existing services targeted to a subset of individuals identified after randomization. Accordingly, the treatment could affect the composition of service recipients and the offered…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-18 Peter Z. Schochet

For testing the statistical significance of a treatment effect, we usually compare between two parts of a population, one is exposed to the treatment, and the other is not exposed to it. Standard parametric and nonparametric two-sample…

Computation · Statistics 2012-11-02 Bikram Karmakar , Kumaresh Dhara , Kushal Kumar Dey , Analabha Basu , Anil Ghosh

In randomized trials, repeated measures of the outcome are routinely collected. The mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) leverages the information from these repeated outcome measures, and is often used for the primary analysis to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-20 Bingkai Wang , Yu Du

Estimating causal effects from observational data is a central problem in many domains. A general approach is to balance covariates with weights such that the distribution of the data mimics randomization. We present generalized balancing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-02 Yoshiaki Kitazawa

Network surveys of key populations at risk for HIV are an essential part of the effort to understand how the epidemic spreads and how it can be prevented. Estimation of population values from the sample data has been probematical, however,…

Applications · Statistics 2019-09-12 Steve Thompson

Predictive models that generalize well under distributional shift are often desirable and sometimes crucial to building robust and reliable machine learning applications. We focus on distributional shift that arises in causal inference from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-27 Fredrik D. Johansson , Nathan Kallus , Uri Shalit , David Sontag

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are ideal for estimating causal effects, because the distributions of background covariates are similar in expectation across treatment groups. When estimating causal effects using observational data,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-27 Anthony D. Scotina , Roee Gutman

We propose generalized random forests, a method for non-parametric statistical estimation based on random forests (Breiman, 2001) that can be used to fit any quantity of interest identified as the solution to a set of local moment…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-06 Susan Athey , Julie Tibshirani , Stefan Wager

Non-random sample selection is a commonplace amongst many empirical studies and it appears when an output variable of interest is available only for a restricted non-random sub-sample of data. We introduce an extension of the generalized…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-18 M. Wojtyś , G. Marra

We often seek to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on a particular outcome in both randomized and observational settings. One such estimation method is the covariate-adjusted residuals estimator, which was designed for individually…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-28 Stephen A. Lauer , Nicholas G. Reich , Laura B. Balzer

In empirical studies with time-to-event outcomes, investigators often leverage observational data to conduct causal inference on the effect of exposure when randomized controlled trial data is unavailable. Model misspecification and lack of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-05 Shenbo Xu , Bang Zheng , Bowen Su , Stan Finkelstein , Roy Welsch , Kenney Ng , Ioanna Tzoulaki , Zach Shahn