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Sequence-to-sequence models with an implicit alignment mechanism (e.g. attention) are closing the performance gap towards traditional hybrid hidden Markov models (HMM) for the task of automatic speech recognition. One important factor to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-21 Wilfried Michel , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

As deep neural networks continue to revolutionize various application domains, there is increasing interest in making these powerful models more understandable and interpretable, and narrowing down the causes of good and bad predictions. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-21 Viktoriya Krakovna , Finale Doshi-Velez

Current end-to-end spoken language models (SLMs) have made notable progress, yet they still encounter considerable response latency. This delay primarily arises from the autoregressive generation of speech tokens and the reliance on complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in end-to-end speech recognition that directly transcribes speech to text without any predefined alignments. One approach is the attention-based encoder-decoder framework that learns a mapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-02 Suyoun Kim , Takaaki Hori , Shinji Watanabe

End-to-end architectures have been recently proposed for spoken language understanding (SLU) and semantic parsing. Based on a large amount of data, those models learn jointly acoustic and linguistic-sequential features. Such architectures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Marco Dinarelli , Nikita Kapoor , Bassam Jabaian , Laurent Besacier

Large language model (LLM)-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) has recently achieved strong performance across diverse tasks, yet contextual biasing for named entities and hotwords under large vocabularies remains challenging. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-29 YuXiang Kong , JunFeng Hou , Jian Tang , Bingqing Zhu , Jicheng Zhang , Shaofei Xue

Attention-based sequence-to-sequence models for speech recognition jointly train an acoustic model, language model (LM), and alignment mechanism using a single neural network and require only parallel audio-text pairs. Thus, the language…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-20 Jinxi Guo , Tara N. Sainath , Ron J. Weiss

It is generally believed that direct sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) speech recognition models are competitive with hybrid models only when a large amount of data, at least a thousand hours, is available for training. In this paper, we show…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-21 Zoltán Tüske , George Saon , Kartik Audhkhasi , Brian Kingsbury

This article presents a whisper speech detector in the far-field domain. The proposed system consists of a long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network trained on log-filterbank energy (LFBE) acoustic features. This model is trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Zeynab Raeesy , Kellen Gillespie , Zhenpei Yang , Chengyuan Ma , Thomas Drugman , Jiacheng Gu , Roland Maas , Ariya Rastrow , Björn Hoffmeister

Interactive speech recognition systems must generate words quickly while also producing accurate results. Two-pass models excel at these requirements by employing a first-pass decoder that quickly emits words, and a second-pass decoder that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Ke Hu , Ruoming Pang , Tara N. Sainath , Trevor Strohman

Conventional spoken language translation (SLT) systems are pipeline based systems, where we have an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system to convert the modality of source from speech to text and a Machine Translation (MT) systems to…

Scores from traditional confidence classifiers (CCs) in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems lack universal interpretation and vary with updates to the underlying confidence or acoustic models (AMs). In this work, we build…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-02 Amber Afshan , Kshitiz Kumar , Jian Wu

Long short-term memory(LSTM) units on sequence-based models are being used in translation, question-answering systems, classification tasks due to their capability of learning long-term dependencies. In Natural language generation, LSTM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Sivasurya Santhanam

This research introduces a novel approach to textual and multimodal Hate Speech Detection (HSD), using Large Language Models (LLMs) as dynamic knowledge bases to generate background context and incorporate it into the input of HSD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Joshua Wolfe Brook , Ilia Markov

Trans-dimensional random field language models (TRF LMs) where sentences are modeled as a collection of random fields, have shown close performance with LSTM LMs in speech recognition and are computationally more efficient in inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Bin Wang , Zhijian Ou

Techniques for multi-lingual and cross-lingual speech recognition can help in low resource scenarios, to bootstrap systems and enable analysis of new languages and domains. End-to-end approaches, in particular sequence-based techniques, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Siddharth Dalmia , Ramon Sanabria , Florian Metze , Alan W. Black

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter significant performance bottlenecks in long-sequence tasks due to the computational complexity and memory overhead inherent in the self-attention mechanism. To address these challenges, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ziming Wang , Xiang Wang , Kailong Peng , Lang Qin , Juan Gabriel Kostelec , Christos Sourmpis , Axel Laborieux , Qinghai Guo

End-to-end models have achieved impressive results on the task of automatic speech recognition (ASR). For low-resource ASR tasks, however, labeled data can hardly satisfy the demand of end-to-end models. Self-supervised acoustic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Cheng Yi , Shiyu Zhou , Bo Xu

The performance bottleneck of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in stuttering speech scenarios has limited its applicability in domains such as speech rehabilitation. This paper proposed an LLM-driven ASR-SED multi-task learning framework…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shangkun Huang , Jing Deng , Jintao Kang , Rong Zheng

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks are resolved by end-to-end deep learning models, which benefits us by less preparation of raw data, and easier transformation between languages. We propose a novel end-to-end deep learning model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-31 Xinpei Zhou , Jiwei Li , Xi Zhou