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Mechanisms for the automation of uncertainty are required for expert systems. Sometimes these mechanisms need to obey the properties of probabilistic reasoning. A purely numeric mechanism, like those proposed so far, cannot provide a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Alan Bundy

In supervised learning, understanding an input's proximity to the training data can help a model decide whether it has sufficient evidence for reaching a reliable prediction. While powerful probabilistic models such as Gaussian Processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ifigeneia Apostolopoulou , Benjamin Eysenbach , Frank Nielsen , Artur Dubrawski

This paper considers the challenges Large Language Models (LLMs) face when reasoning over text that includes information involving uncertainty explicitly quantified via probability values. This type of reasoning is relevant to a variety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Aliakbar Nafar , Kristen Brent Venable , Parisa Kordjamshidi

This study actually draws from and builds on an earlier paper (Kumar and Bhattacharya, 2002). Here we have basically added a neutrosophic dimension to the problem of determining the conditional probability that a financial fraud has been…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sukanto Bhattacharya , Kuldeep Kumar , Florentin Smarandache

Tackling the problem of learning probabilistic classifiers from incomplete data in the context of Knowledge Graphs expressed in Description Logics, we describe an inductive approach based on learning simple belief networks. Specifically, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Christian Riefolo , Nicola Fanizzi , Claudia d'Amato

We present a propositional logic %which can be used to reason about the uncertainty of events, where the uncertainty is modeled by a set of probability measures assigning an interval of probability to each event. We give a sound and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella

We develop a bottom-up approach to truth-value semantics for classical logic of partial terms based on equality and apply it to prove the conservativity of the addition of partial description and partial selection functions, independently…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-02-10 Franco Parlamento

Desharnais, Gupta, Jagadeesan and Panangaden introduced a family of behavioural pseudometrics for probabilistic transition systems. These pseudometrics are a quantitative analogue of probabilistic bisimilarity. Distance zero captures…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Franck van Breugel , Babita Sharma , James Worrell

Effective bounds on the union probability are well known to be beneficial in the analysis of stochastic problems in many areas, including probability theory, information theory, statistical communications, computing and operations research.…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Jun Yang , Fady Alajaji , Glen Takahara

We detail some ways in which the study of three-valued logics of indicative conditionals can be extended by further adding a new truth-value. Our approach heavily relies on twist constructions, which have been already used in the literature…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Miguel Muñoz Pérez

In a context of multiple hypothesis testing, we provide several new exact calculations related to the false discovery proportion (FDP) of step-up and step-down procedures. For step-up procedures, we show that the number of erroneous…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-06-29 Etienne Roquain , Fanny Villers

A Bayesian Belief Network (BN) is a model of a joint distribution over a setof n variables, with a DAG structure to represent the immediate dependenciesbetween the variables, and a set of parameters (aka CPTables) to represent thelocal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Tim Van Allen , Russell Greiner , Peter Hooper

We introduce a new logic of graded distributed belief that allows us to express the fact that a group of agents distributively believe that a certain fact holds with at least strength k. We interpret our logic by means of computationally…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Emiliano Lorini , Dmitry Rozplokhas

If two probability density functions (PDFs) have values for their first $n$ moments which are quite close to each other (upper bounds of their differences are known), can it be expected that the PDFs themselves are very similar? Shown below…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-16 Pranava Chaitanya Jayanti , Konstantina Trivisa

Empirical analysis is often the first step towards the birth of a conjecture. This is the case of the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer (BSD) Conjecture describing the rational points on an elliptic curve, one of the most celebrated unsolved problems…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-18 Laura Alessandretti , Andrea Baronchelli , Yang-Hui He

This thesis focuses on advancing probabilistic logic programming (PLP), which combines probability theory for uncertainty and logic programming for relations. The thesis aims to extend PLP to support both discrete and continuous random…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Nitesh Kumar

We introduce a novel logical notion--partial entailment--to propositional logic. In contrast with classical entailment, that a formula P partially entails another formula Q with respect to a background formula set \Gamma intuitively means…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Yi Zhou , Yan Zhang

NLP tasks differ in the semantic information they require, and at this time no single se- mantic representation fulfills all requirements. Logic-based representations characterize sentence structure, but do not capture the graded aspect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 I. Beltagy , Stephen Roller , Pengxiang Cheng , Katrin Erk , Raymond J. Mooney

In this (work in progress) paper, we present Bounded Pragmatic Listener (or BPL), a cognitively grounded Bayesian framework for modelling susceptibility to information disorder. BPL extends Rational Speech Act theory with three cognitively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Pranava Madhyastha

It is argued that a fuzzy version of 4-truth-valued paraconsistent logic (with truth values corresponding to True, False, Both and Neither) can be approximately isomorphically mapped into the complex-number algebra of quantum probabilities.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Ben Goertzel