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We present for the first time an asymptotic convergence analysis of two time-scale stochastic approximation driven by "controlled" Markov noise. In particular, the faster and slower recursions have non-additive controlled Markov noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Prasenjit Karmakar

In this paper we address the convergence of stochastic approximation when the functions to be minimized are not convex and nonsmooth. We show that the "mean-limit" approach to the convergence which leads, for smooth problems, to the ODE…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-08 Szymon Majewski , Błażej Miasojedow , Eric Moulines

We devise a distributed asynchronous stochastic epsilon-gradient-based algorithm to enable a network of computing and communicating nodes to solve a constrained discrete-time time-varying stochastic convex optimization problem. Each node…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-02 Andrea Simonetto , Leon Kester , Geert Leus

Motivated by the widespread use of temporal-difference (TD-) and Q-learning algorithms in reinforcement learning, this paper studies a class of biased stochastic approximation (SA) procedures under a mild "ergodic-like" assumption on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-02 Gang Wang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Recently, several studies consider the stochastic optimization problem but in a heavy-tailed noise regime, i.e., the difference between the stochastic gradient and the true gradient is assumed to have a finite $p$-th moment (say being upper…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Zijian Liu , Zhengyuan Zhou

We study stochastic approximation algorithms with Markovian noise and constant step-size $\alpha$. We develop a method based on infinitesimal generator comparisons to study the bias of the algorithm, which is the expected difference between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-28 Sebastian Allmeier , Nicolas Gast

Under mild assumptions stochastic gradient methods asymptotically achieve an optimal rate of convergence if the arithmetic mean of all iterates is returned as an approximate optimal solution. However, in the absence of stochastic noise, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-06 Melinda Hagedorn , Florian Jarre

We study the so-called two-time-scale stochastic approximation, a simulation-based approach for finding the roots of two coupled nonlinear operators. Our focus is to characterize its finite-time performance in a Markov setting, which often…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-06 Thinh T. Doan

In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of a stochastic approximation scheme on two timescales with set-valued drift functions and in the presence of non-additive iterate-dependent Markov noise. It is shown that the recursion on each…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-21 Vinayaka Yaji , Shalabh Bhatnagar

We study unconstrained optimization problems with nonsmooth and convex objective function in the form of a mathematical expectation. The proposed method approximates the expected objective function with a sample average function using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-03 Natasa Krejic , Natasa Krklec Jerinkic , Tijana Ostojic

In this work, we investigate stochastic approximation (SA) with Markovian data and nonlinear updates under constant stepsize $\alpha>0$. Existing work has primarily focused on either i.i.d. data or linear update rules. We take a new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-18 Dongyan Huo , Yixuan Zhang , Yudong Chen , Qiaomin Xie

Greedy-GQ with linear function approximation, originally proposed in \cite{maei2010toward}, is a value-based off-policy algorithm for optimal control in reinforcement learning, and it has a non-linear two timescale structure with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Yue Wang , Yi Zhou , Shaofeng Zou

We analyze a stochastic approximation algorithm for decision-dependent problems, wherein the data distribution used by the algorithm evolves along the iterate sequence. The primary examples of such problems appear in performative prediction…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Joshua Cutler , Mateo Díaz , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy

In many real-world applications, optimization problems evolve continuously over time and are often subject to stochastic noise. We consider a stochastic time-varying optimization problem in which the objective function $f(x;t)$ changes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Tomoya Kamijima , Naoki Marumo , Akiko Takeda

Motivated by applications in reinforcement learning (RL), we study a nonlinear stochastic approximation (SA) algorithm under Markovian noise, and establish its finite-sample convergence bounds under various stepsizes. Specifically, we show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-27 Zaiwei Chen , Sheng Zhang , Thinh T. Doan , John-Paul Clarke , Siva Theja Maguluri

In this paper, we establish non-asymptotic bounds for accuracy of normal approximation for linear two-timescale stochastic approximation (TTSA) algorithms driven by martingale difference or Markov noise. Focusing on both the last iterate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-10 Bogdan Butyrin , Artemy Rubtsov , Alexey Naumov , Vladimir Ulyanov , Sergey Samsonov

In this paper, we present a stochastic gradient algorithm for minimizing a smooth objective function that is an expectation over noisy cost samples, and only the latter are observed for any given parameter. Our algorithm employs a gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-03 Akash Mondal , Prashanth L. A. , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Theory and application of stochastic approximation (SA) have become increasingly relevant due in part to applications in optimization and reinforcement learning. This paper takes a new look at SA with constant step-size $\alpha>0$, defined…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Caio Kalil Lauand , Ioannis Kontoyiannis , Sean Meyn

Stochastic (sub)gradient methods require step size schedule tuning to perform well in practice. Classical tuning strategies decay the step size polynomially and lead to optimal sublinear rates on (strongly) convex problems. An alternative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-24 Damek Davis , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy , Vasileios Charisopoulos

This paper proposes to develop a new variant of the two-time-scale stochastic approximation to find the roots of two coupled nonlinear operators, assuming only noisy samples of these operators can be observed. Our key idea is to leverage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-25 Thinh T. Doan