Related papers: Electrohydrodynamic emitters of ion beams
Ion sources are a critical component of all particle accelerators. They create the initial beam that is accelerated by the rest of the machine. This paper will introduce the many methods of creating a beam for high-power hadron…
This paper covers the theory and technological aspects of high-voltage design for ion sources. Electric field strengths are critical to understanding high-voltage breakdown. The equations governing electric fields and the techniques to…
Based on the electron-ion model, parameters of ball and bead lightning are calculated. The model allows us to estimate maximum size of ball lightning, its energy content, electric charge and magnetic field, to determine equilibrium…
The analytical expressions for the electromagnetic potential generated from a focusing charged particle beam are indispensable in various beam physics problems. In this article, we review the theory in detail and point out the necessary…
Most present and future electron accelerators require bright sources. Invented less than ten years ago, the photo-injector the principle of which is briefly recalled, has already demonstrated that it can provide very bright beams. In this…
Here we compute the ion distribution produced by an electron beam when ion-clearing electrodes are installed. This ion density is established as an equilibrium between gas ionization and ion clearing. The transverse ion distributions are…
Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have intrigued scientists and mankind in general for many years. The study of thunderstorms has rapidly advanced during the past century and many…
We discuss how the emission of electrons and ions during electron-beam-induced physical vapor deposition can cause problems in micro- and nanofabrication processes. After giving a short overview of different types of radiation emitted from…
The formation of the beam halo in charged particle accelerators is studied in the framework of a stochastic-hydrodynamic model for the collective motion of the particle beam. In such a stochastic-hydrodynamic theory the density and the…
Bubbles are known to influence energy and mass transfer in gas evolving electrodes. However, we lack a detailed understanding on the intricate dependencies between bubble evolution processes and electrochemical phenomena. This review…
The relativistic hydrodynamic model is applied to describe the expansion of the dense matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The hydrodynamic expansion of the fluid, supplemented with the statistical emission of hadrons at…
The Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrotest (DARHT) facility uses bremsstrahlung radiation source spots produced by the focused electron beams from two linear induction accelerators (LIAs) to radiograph large hydrodynamic experiments driven by…
The radiation reaction radically influences the electron motion in an electromagnetic standing wave formed by two super-intense counter-propagating laser pulses. Depending on the laser intensity and wavelength, either classical or quantum…
In ion-exchange membrane processes, ions and water flow under the influence of gradients in hydrostatic pressure, ion chemical potential, and electrical potential (voltage), leading to solvent flow, ionic fluxes and ionic current. At the…
The Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrotest (DARHT) facility uses bremsstrahlung radiation source spots produced by the focused electron beams from two linear induction accelerators (LIAs) to radiograph large hydrodynamic experiments driven by…
In this paper the main consequences of the vector theory of excitation of resonators by particle beams are presented. Some features of excitation of broadband radiation in longitudinal modes of the enclosed and open resonators are…
At very high energies, the bremsstrahlung and pair production cross sections exhibit complex behavior due to the material in which the interactions occur. The cross sections in dense media can be dramatically different than for isolated…
We introduce a simplified model of the electron-beam/plasma system to model the electrical breakdown caused by the inductive electric field created by a rapidly rising electron beam current. The rigid-beam model is a reduction to the…
The unique properties of suspensions containing both active (self-propelling) and passive matter, arising from the nonequilibrium nature of these systems, have been widely studied (e.g., enhanced diffusion, phase separation, and directed…
The fully three dimensional governing equations in the electron magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) regime for a plasma with inhomogeneous density is obtained. These equations in the two dimensional (2-D) limit can be cast in terms of the evolution…