Related papers: First observations and magnitude measurement of St…

Context: We introduce the Dwarf Galaxy Survey with Amateur Telescopes (DGSAT) project and report the discovery of eleven low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies in the fields of the nearby galaxies NGC 2683, NGC 3628, NGC 4594 (M104), NGC…

Second-generation Starlink Direct-to-Cell (DTC) satellites carry an additional payload for direct cellular phone connectivity whose unintended electromagnetic radiation (UEMR) at sub-300 MHz frequencies has not been individually…

As emerging massive constellations are intended to provide seamless connectivity for remote areas using hundreds of small low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, new methodologies have great importance to study the performance of these networks.…

We study the luminosity function of satellite galaxies around isolated primaries using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic and photometric galaxy samples. We select isolated primaries from the spectroscopic sample and search…

The mean apparent magnitude of Amazon Leo satellites is 6.28 based on 1,938 observations. For spacecraft in their operational mode, 92% exceeded the brightness limit recommended by the IAU for interference with research, while 25% distract…

NRAO and SpaceX have been engaged in coordinated testing efforts since Fall 2021, including conducting experiments on different interference avoidance schemes for the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico, and the Green Bank…

Measuring photometric brightness is a common tool for characterizaing satellites. However, characterizing satellite mega-constellations and their impact on astronomy research requires a new approach and methodology. A few measurements of…

The extension of wide area wireless connectivity to low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems demands a fresh look at the effects of in-orbit base stations, sky-to-ground propagation, and cell planning. A multi-beam LEO…

In August 2025 a workshop was convened to bring together experts to better understand steps that can be taken to mitigate the impact of satellite constellations on astronomical observations. At the time, just over 12,000 operational…

We tackle the problem of accurate optical tracking of distant man-made probes, on Halo orbit around the Earth-Sun libration point L2 and beyond, along interplanetary transfers. The improved performance of on-target tracking, especially when…

We select satellite galaxies from the galaxy group catalog constructed with the SDSS spectroscopic galaxies and measure the tangential shear around these galaxies with source catalog extracted from CFHT/MegaCam Stripe-82 Survey to constrain…

We report a simulation and quantification of the impact of the Starlink constellation on LSST in terms of the trail surface brightness using a BRDF-based satellite photometric model. A total of 11,908 satellites from the Gen1 and Gen2A…

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks have attracted considerable attention for their ability to deliver global, low-latency broadband Internet services. In this paper, we present a large-scale measurement study of the Starlink network,…

A model of the brightness of the visorsat Starlink spacecraft is presented based on published information on the engineering design and from analysis of 131 observations of individual visorsats in late 2020. Comments are offered on the…

There is a growing concern about an impact of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellations on ground-based astronomical observations, in particular, on wide-field surveys in the optical and infrared. The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF),…

I discuss the current low Earth orbit artificial satellite population and show that the proposed `megaconstellation' of circa 12,000 Starlink internet satellites would dominate the lower part of Earth orbit, below 600 km, with a…

We present novel techniques and methodology for unresolved photometric characterization of low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. With the Pomenis LEO Satellite Photometric Survey our team has made over 14,000 observations of Starlink and OneWeb…

Starlink has rapidly emerged as the world's largest satellite constellation and the de facto reference system for low Earth orbit (LEO) networking research. Existing literature predominantly models Starlink as a static, symmetric, and fully…

In the era of mega-constellations, the need for accurate and publicly available information has become fundamental for satellite operators to guarantee the safety of spacecrafts and the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space environment. This study…

Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics (LGS-AO) is becoming routine in several astronomical observatories. The use of powerful lasers generates sensible Raman emissions on the uplink laser beam path, plus secondary Rayleigh scattering from…