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Related papers: Mitigating Errors in Local Fermionic Encodings

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The utility of solving the Fermi-Hubbard model has been estimated in the billions of dollars. Digital quantum computers can in principle address this task, but have so far been limited to quasi one-dimensional models. This is because of…

Number-conserved subspace encoding reduces resources needed for quantum simulations, but scalable complexity trade-off bounds for $M$ modes and $N$ particles with $\mathcal{O}(N\log M)$ qubits have remained unknown. We study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 M. H. Cheng , Yu-Cheng Chen , Qian Wang , V. Bartsch , M. S. Kim , Alice Hu , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Simulating the dynamical properties of large-scale many-fermion systems is a longstanding goal of quantum chemistry, material science and condensed matter. Local fermion-to-qubit encodings have opened a new path for practical fermionic…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) has emerged as a powerful tool for the extraction of useful quantum information from quantum devices. Here, we introduce the Subspace Noise Tailoring (SNT) algorithm, which efficiently combines the cheap cost…

Quantum simulation of fermionic systems is a promising application of quantum computers, but in order to program them, we need to map fermionic states and operators to qubit states and quantum gates. While quantum processors may be built as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-05 Mark Steudtner , Stephanie Wehner

The mapping of fermionic states onto qubit states, as well as the mapping of fermionic Hamiltonian into quantum gates enables us to simulate electronic systems with a quantum computer. Benefiting the understanding of many-body systems in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-12 Mark Steudtner , Stephanie Wehner

Many-body fermionic systems can be simulated in a hardware-efficient manner using a fermionic quantum processor. Neutral atoms trapped in optical potentials can realize such processors, where non-local fermionic statistics are guaranteed at…

We show how to absorb fermionic quantum simulation's expensive fermion-to-qubit mapping overhead into the overhead already incurred by surface-code-based fault-tolerant quantum computing. The key idea is to process information in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Andrew J. Landahl , Benjamin C. A. Morrison

We analyze fermionic modes as fundamental entities for quantum information processing. To this end we construct a density operator formalism on the underlying Fock space and demonstrate how it can be naturally and unambiguously equipped…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-26 Nicolai Friis , Antony R. Lee , David Edward Bruschi

The operator algebra of fermionic modes is isomorphic to that of qubits, the difference between them is twofold: the embedding of subalgebras corresponding to mode subsets and multiqubit subsystems on the one hand, and the parity…

We numerically analyze the feasibility of a platform-neutral, general strategy to perform quantum simulations of fermionic lattice field theories under open boundary conditions. The digital quantum simulator requires solely one- and…

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers could solve quantum-mechanical simulation problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers. However, NISQ devices experience significant errors which, if not corrected, can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 Ashley Montanaro , Stasja Stanisic

Simulating molecular systems on quantum computers requires efficient mappings from Fermionic operators to qubit operators. Traditional mappings such as Jordan-Wigner or Bravyi-Kitaev often produce high-weight Pauli terms, increasing circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 James Brown , Tarini S Hardikar , Kenny Heitritter , Kanav Setia

Simulating electronic structure on a quantum computer requires encoding of fermionic systems onto qubits. Common encoding methods transform a fermionic system of $N$ spin-orbitals into an $N$-qubit system, but many of the fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Yu Shee , Pei-Kai Tsai , Cheng-Lin Hong , Hao-Chung Cheng , Hsi-Sheng Goan

Simulating the dynamics of electrons and other fermionic particles in quantum chemistry, materials science, and high-energy physics is one of the most promising applications of fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, the overhead in…

Efficient simulation of interacting fermionic systems is a key application of near-term quantum computers, but is hindered by the overhead required to encode fermionic operators on qubit hardware. Here, we consider models with $N$ fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Reinis Irmejs , J. Ignacio Cirac

Near-term quantum simulators are mostly based on qubit-based architectures. However, their imperfect nature significantly limits their practical application. The situation is even worse for simulating fermionic systems, which underlie most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-29 Qingyu Li , Chiranjib Mukhopadhyay , Abolfazl Bayat

The first generation of multi-qubit quantum technologies will consist of noisy, intermediate-scale devices for which active error correction remains out of reach. To exploit such devices, it is thus imperative to use passive error…

We present a method for encoding second-quantized fermionic systems in qubits when the number of fermions is conserved, as in the electronic structure problem. When the number $F$ of fermions is much smaller than the number $M$ of modes,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-09 William Kirby , Bryce Fuller , Charles Hadfield , Antonio Mezzacapo

Simulation of fermionic systems is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. It spans problems in quantum chemistry, high-energy physics and condensed matter. Underpinning the core steps of any quantum simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Mitchell Chiew , Cameron Ibrahim , Ilya Safro , Sergii Strelchuk