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As Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly influences decisions in critical societal sectors, understanding and establishing causality becomes essential for evaluating the fairness of automated systems. This article explores the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Ruta Binkyte , Ljupcho Grozdanovski , Sami Zhioua

There is substantial evidence that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can generate bias against minorities, women, and other protected classes. Federal and state laws have been enacted to protect consumers…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Nicholas Schmidt , Bryce Stephens

Generative AI (GenAI) models present new challenges in regulating against discriminatory behavior. In this paper, we argue that GenAI fairness research still has not met these challenges; instead, a significant gap remains between existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Thomas P. Zollo , Nikita Rajaneesh , Richard Zemel , Talia B. Gillis , Emily Black

As society becomes increasingly reliant on artificial intelligence, the need to mitigate risk and harm is paramount. In response, researchers and practitioners have developed tools to detect and reduce undesired bias, commonly referred to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Sadia Afrin Mim , Fatemeh Vares , Andrew Meenly , Brittany Johnson

In recent years, the increase in the usage and efficiency of Artificial Intelligence and, more in general, of Automated Decision-Making systems has brought with it an increasing and welcome awareness of the risks associated with such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Daniele Regoli , Alessandro Castelnovo , Nicole Inverardi , Gabriele Nanino , Ilaria Penco

Fair machine learning works have been focusing on the development of equitable algorithms that address discrimination of certain groups. Yet, many of these fairness-aware approaches aim to obtain a unique solution to the problem, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Ana Valdivia , Javier Sánchez-Monedero , Jorge Casillas

In the current era, people and society have grown increasingly reliant on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI has the potential to drive us towards a future in which all of humanity flourishes. It also comes with substantial risks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Lu Cheng , Kush R. Varshney , Huan Liu

Various forms of implications of artificial intelligence that either exacerbate or decrease racial systemic injustice have been explored in this applied research endeavor. Taking each thematic area of identifying, analyzing, and debating an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Alia Abbas

This study explores perceptions of fairness in algorithmic decision-making among users in Bangladesh through a comprehensive mixed-methods approach. By integrating quantitative survey data with qualitative interview insights, we examine how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ahmed Abdal Shafi Rasel , Ahmed Mustafa Amlan , Tasmim Shajahan Mim , Tanvir Hasan

As artificial intelligence plays an increasingly substantial role in decisions affecting humans and society, the accountability of automated decision systems has been receiving increasing attention from researchers and practitioners.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Furkan Gursoy , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

Algorithmic bias mitigation has been one of the most difficult conundrums for the data science community and Machine Learning (ML) experts. Over several years, there have appeared enormous efforts in the field of fairness in ML. Despite the…

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly those based on deep learning models, have increasingly achieved expert-level performance in medical applications. However, there is growing concern that such AI systems may reflect and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Xiuying Chen , Tairan Wang , Juexiao Zhou , Zirui Song , Xin Gao , Xiangliang Zhang

This paper stresses the importance of biases in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) in two regards. First, in order to foster efficient algorithmic decision-making in complex, unstable, and uncertain real-world environments, we argue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Sarah Fabi , Thilo Hagendorff

Legislation and public sentiment throughout the world have promoted fairness metrics, explainability, and interpretability as prescriptions for the responsible development of ethical artificial intelligence systems. Despite the importance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Erick Galinkin

Machine learning models built on datasets containing discriminative instances attributed to various underlying factors result in biased and unfair outcomes. It's a well founded and intuitive fact that existing bias mitigation strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Bhushan Chaudhari , Akash Agarwal , Tanmoy Bhowmik

The AI/HCI and legal communities have developed largely independent conceptualizations of fairness. This conceptual difference hinders the potential incorporation of technical fairness criteria (e.g., procedural, group, and individual…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tin Nguyen , Jiannan Xu , Phuong-Anh Nguyen-Le , Jonathan Lazar , Donald Braman , Hal Daumé , Zubin Jelveh

The topic of fairness in AI, as debated in the FATE (Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, and Ethics in AI) communities, has sparked meaningful discussions in the past years. However, from a legal perspective, particularly from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Luca Deck , Jan-Laurin Müller , Conradin Braun , Domenique Zipperling , Niklas Kühl

The issue of fairness in machine learning models has recently attracted a lot of attention as ensuring it will ensure continued confidence of the general public in the deployment of machine learning systems. We focus on mitigating the harm…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-24 Thomas Kehrenberg , Zexun Chen , Novi Quadrianto

Fairness is one of the most desirable societal principles in collective decision-making. It has been extensively studied in the past decades for its axiomatic properties and has received substantial attention from the multiagent systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Hadi Hosseini

In recent years, the problem of addressing fairness in Machine Learning (ML) and automatic decision-making has attracted a lot of attention in the scientific communities dealing with Artificial Intelligence. A plethora of different…

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