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The author surveys the problem of piecing together integral or rational solutions to Diophantine equations (global structure) from solutions modulo congruences and real solutions (local structure).

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Barry Mazur

In this paper we introduce a new class of finite element discretizations of the quadratic optimal transport problem based on its dynamical formulation. These generalize to the finite element setting the finite difference scheme proposed by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-24 Andrea Natale , Gabriele Todeschi

Disordered systems have grown in importance in the past decades, with similar phenomena manifesting themselves in many different physical systems. Because of the difficulty of the topic, theoretical progress has mostly emerged from…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2014-10-09 Hui Khoon Ng , Berthold-Georg Englert

We prove some theorems on the existence, uniqueness, stability and compactness properties of solutions to inhomogeneous transport equations with Sobolev coefficients, where the inhomogeneous term depends upon the solution through an…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-02-11 Camillo De Lellis , Piotr Gwiazda , Agnieszka Świerczewska-Gwiazda

Functional lifting methods provide a tool for approximating solutions of difficult non-convex problems by embedding them into a larger space. In this work, we investigate a mathematically rigorous formulation based on embedding into the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-07 Thomas Vogt , Roland Haase , Danielle Bednarski , Jan Lellmann

In this paper we prove an observability inequality for a degenerate transport equation. First we introduce a local in time Carleman estimate for the degenerate equation, then we apply it to obtain a global in time observability inequality…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-11-02 Giuseppe Floridia , Hiroshi Takase

Since the original algorithm by John Vidale in 1988 to numerically solve the isotropic eikonal equation, there has been tremendous progress on the topic addressing an array of challenges including improvement of the solution accuracy,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Umair bin Waheed , Tariq Alkhalifah , Ehsan Haghighat , Chao Song

In this paper we consider the branched transportation problem in 2D associated with a cost per unit length of the form $1 + \alpha m$ where $m$ denotes the amount of transported mass and $\alpha > 0$ is a fixed parameter (notice that the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-09-05 A. Chambolle , B. Merlet , L. Ferrari

This paper presents an iteration method for solving linear particle transport problems in binary stochastic mixtures. It is based on nonlinear projection approach. The method is defined by a hierarchy of equations consisting of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Dmitriy Y. Anistratov

This survey has been written in occasion of the School and Workshop about Optimal Transport on Quantum Structures at Erd\"os Center in September 2022. We discuss some recent results on noncommutative entropic optimal transport problems and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Lorenzo Portinale

The problem of anomalous diffusion in momentum (velocity) space is considered based on the master equation and the appropriate probability transition function (PTF). The approach recently developed by the author for coordinate space, is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 S. A. Trigger

In this article we study the numerical solution of the $L^1$-Optimal Transport Problem on 2D surfaces embedded in $R^3$, via the DMK formulation introduced in [FaccaCardinPutti:2018]. We extend from the Euclidean into the Riemannian setting…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Luca Berti , Enrico Facca , Mario Putti

In this note, we present a unified approach to the problem of existence of a potential for the optimal transport problem with respect to non-traditional cost functions, that is, costs that assume infinite values. We establish a new method…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Shiri Artstein-Avidan , Shay Sadovsky , Katarzyna Wyczesany

In this paper, we introduce a neural network-based method to address the high-dimensional dynamic unbalanced optimal transport (UOT) problem. Dynamic UOT focuses on the optimal transportation between two densities with unequal total mass,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-23 Wei Wan , Jiangong Pan , Yuejin Zhang , Chenglong Bao , Zuoqiang Shi

In this paper we deal with a non-linear Diophantine equation which arises from the determinant computation of an integer matrix. We show how to find a solution, when it exists. We define an equivalence relation and show how the set of all…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Massimo Salvi

In many recent applications when new materials and technologies are developed it is important to describe and simulate new nonlinear and nonlocal diffusion transport processes. A general class of such models deals with nonlocal fractional…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Raimondas Ciegis , Petr Vabishchevich

Optimal Transport (OT) is a mathematical framework that first emerged in the eighteenth century and has led to a plethora of methods for answering many theoretical and applied questions. The last decade has been a witness to the remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Abdelwahed Khamis , Russell Tsuchida , Mohamed Tarek , Vivien Rolland , Lars Petersson

We introduce an extension of the Optimal Transport problem when multiple costs are involved. Considering each cost as an agent, we aim to share equally between agents the work of transporting one distribution to another. To do so, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-26 Meyer Scetbon , Laurent Meunier , Jamal Atif , Marco Cuturi

This article studies problems of optimal transport, by embedding them in a general functional analytic framework of convex optimization. This provides a unified treatment of a large class of related problems in probability theory and allows…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Teemu Pennanen , Ari-Pekka Perkkiö

We introduce a new variant of the weak optimal transport problem where mass is distributed from one space to the other through unnormalized kernels. We give sufficient conditions for primal attainment and prove a dual formula for this…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-22 Philippe Choné , Nathael Gozlan , Francis Kramarz