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This paper proposes an low power approximate multiplier architecture for deep neural network (DNN) applications. A 4:2 compressor, introducing only a single combination error, is designed and integrated into an 8x8 unsigned multiplier. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Pragun Jaswal , L. Hemanth Krishna , B. Srinivasu

In this paper, two approximate 3*3 multipliers are proposed and the synthesis results of the ASAP-7nm process library justify that they can reduce the area by 31.38% and 36.17%, and the power consumption by 36.73% and 35.66% compared with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Yao Lu , Jide Zhang , Su Zheng , Zhen Li , Lingli Wang

Electronic devices primarily aim to offer low power consumption, high speed, and a compact area. The performance of very large-scale integration (VLSI) devices is influenced by arithmetic operations, where multiplication is a crucial…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ali Ranjbar , Elham Esmaeili , Roghayeh Rafieisangari , Nabiollah Shiri

A switched-capacitor matrix multiplier is presented for approximate computing and machine learning applications. The multiply-and-accumulate operations perform discrete-time charge-domain signal processing using passive switches and 300 aF…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Edward H. Lee , S. Simon Wong

Multiplication is an arithmetic operation that is mostly used in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and communication applications. Efficient implementation of the multipliers is required in many applications. The design and analysis of…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-01-13 S. Saravanan , M. Madheswaran

Today every circuit has to face the power consumption issue for both portable device aiming at large battery life and high end circuits avoiding cooling packages and reliability issues that are too complex. It is generally accepted that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2010-07-15 C. N. Marimuthu , P. Thangaraj , Aswathy Ramesan

We present a pipelined multiplier with reduced activities and minimized interconnect based on online digit-serial arithmetic. The working precision has been truncated such that $p<n$ bits are used to compute $n$ bits product, resulting in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Muhammad Usman , Jeong-A Lee , Milos D. Ercegovac

We propose an optimization method for the automatic design of approximate multipliers, which minimizes the average error according to the operand distributions. Our multiplier achieves up to 50.24% higher accuracy than the best reproduced…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Su Zheng , Zhen Li , Yao Lu , Jingbo Gao , Jide Zhang , Lingli Wang

In this work faster unsigned multiplication has been achieved by using a combination of High Performance Multiplication [HPM] column reduction technique and implementing a N-bit multiplier using 4 N/2-bit multipliers (recursive…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-10-20 V. Sreedeep , B. Ramkumar , Harish M Kittur

Approximate multipliers are widely being advocated for energy-efficient computing in applications that exhibit an inherent tolerance to inaccuracy. However, the inclusion of accuracy as a key design parameter, besides the performance, area…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Mahmoud Masadeh , Osman Hasan , Sofiene Tahar

Approximate computing is a nascent energy-efficient computing paradigm suitable for error-tolerant applications. However, the value of approximation error depends on the applied inputs where individual output error may reach intolerable…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Mahmoud Masadeh , Osman Hasan , Sofiene Tahar

This paper provides modified Distributed Arithmetic based technique to compute sum of products saving appreciable number of Multiply And accumulation blocks and this consecutively reduces circuit size. In this technique multiplexer based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-04-28 Naveen S Naik , Kiran A Gupta

Multipliers are widely-used arithmetic operators in digital signal processing and machine learning circuits. Due to their relatively high complexity, they can have high latency and be a significant source of power consumption. One strategy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Shervin Vakili , Mobin Vaziri , Amirhossein Zarei , J. M. Pierre Langlois

Approximate computing is a promising approach to reduce the power, delay, and area in hardware design for many error-resilient applications such as machine learning (ML) and digital signal processing (DSP) systems, in which multipliers…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhen Li , Hao Zhou , Lingli Wang

Recent Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) managed to deliver superhuman accuracy levels on many AI tasks. Several applications rely more and more on DNNs to deliver sophisticated services and DNN accelerators are becoming integral components of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Ourania Spantidi , Georgios Zervakis , Iraklis Anagnostopoulos , Hussam Amrouch , Jörg Henkel

A multiplier, as a key component in many different applications, is a time-consuming, energy-intensive computation block. Approximate computing is a practical design paradigm that attempts to improve hardware efficacy while keeping…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Fereshteh Karimi , Reza Faghih Mirzaee , Ali Fakeri-Tabrizi , Arman Roohi

In this paper, we propose a scalable approximate multiplier design, scaleTRIM, that approximates the multiplication operation using fitted linear functions, also referred to as linearization. We show that multiplication operations can be…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ebrahim Farahmand , Mohammad Javad Askarizadeh , Ali Mahani , Behnam Ghavami , Hassan Ghasemzadeh , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Reducing power consumption in AI accelerators is increasingly important. Approximate computing can reduce power consumption while keeping the accuracy loss small. Since multipliers are power-hungry components in AI models, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chang Meng , Hanyu Wang , Yuyang Ye , Mingfei Yu , Wayne Burleson , Giovanni De Micheli

In this work, we present a control variate approximation technique that enables the exploitation of highly approximate multipliers in Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators. Our approach does not require retraining and significantly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Georgios Zervakis , Fabio Frustaci , Ourania Spantidi , Iraklis Anagnostopoulos , Hussam Amrouch , Jörg Henkel

Researchers and designers are facing problems with memory and power walls, considering the pervasiveness of Von-Neumann architecture in the design of processors and the problems caused by reducing the dimensions of deep sub-micron…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Seyed Erfan Fatemieh , Mohammad Reza Reshadinezhad
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