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Modern climate projections often suffer from inadequate spatial and temporal resolution due to computational limitations, resulting in inaccurate representations of sub-grid processes. A promising technique to address this is the Multiscale…

Data-driven algorithms, in particular neural networks, can emulate the effect of sub-grid scale processes in coarse-resolution climate models if trained on high-resolution climate simulations. However, they may violate key physical…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Tom Beucler , Michael Pritchard , Pierre Gentine , Stephan Rasp

Machine learning (ML)-based models have demonstrated high skill and computational efficiency, often outperforming conventional physics-based models in weather and subseasonal predictions. While prior studies have assessed their fidelity in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Ziming Chen , L. Ruby Leung , Wenyu Zhou , Jian Lu , Sandro W. Lubis , Ye Liu , Chuan-Chieh Chang , Bryce E. Harrop , Ya Wang , Mingshi Yang , Gan Zhang , Yun Qian

State-of-the-art Earth system models (ESMs) cannot explicitly resolve many small-scale atmospheric processes such as atmospheric gravity waves, and thus must represent, or parameterise, their effects on the resolved state. Machine learning…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Elias Haslauer , Mierk Schwabe , Andreas Dörnbrack , Edwin P. Gerber , Markus Rapp , Nedjeljka Žagar , Veronika Eyring

Long-term climate projections require running global Earth system models on timescales of hundreds of years and have relatively coarse resolution (from 40 to 160 km in the horizontal) due to their high computational costs. Unresolved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Lorenzo Pastori , Arthur Grundner , Veronika Eyring , Mierk Schwabe

Due to computational constraints, climate simulations cannot resolve a range of small-scale physical processes, which have a significant impact on the large-scale evolution of the climate system. Parameterization is an approach to capture…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Cem Gultekin , Adam Subel , Cheng Zhang , Matan Leibovich , Pavel Perezhogin , Alistair Adcroft , Carlos Fernandez-Granda , Laure Zanna

Climate projections suffer from uncertain equilibrium climate sensitivity. The reason behind this uncertainty is the resolution of global climate models, which is too coarse to resolve key processes such as clouds and convection. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Soukayna Mouatadid , Pierre Gentine , Wei Yu , Steve Easterbrook

We explore the potential of feed-forward deep neural networks (DNNs) for emulating cloud superparameterization in realistic geography, using offline fits to data from the Super Parameterized Community Atmospheric Model. To identify the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Griffin Mooers , Mike Pritchard , Tom Beucler , Jordan Ott , Galen Yacalis , Pierre Baldi , Pierre Gentine

Climate models are complicated software systems that approximate atmospheric and oceanic fluid mechanics at a coarse spatial resolution. Typical climate forecasts only explicitly resolve processes larger than 100 km and approximate any…

Representing and quantifying uncertainty in physical parameterisations is a central challenge in weather and climate modelling, and approaches are often developed separately for different timescales. Here, we introduce a unified framework…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Laura A. Mansfield , Hannah M. Christensen

Global climate models parameterize a range of atmospheric-oceanic processes like gravity waves, clouds, moist convection, and turbulence that cannot be sufficiently resolved. These subgrid-scale closures for unresolved processes are a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Aman Gupta , Aditi Sheshadri , Sujit Roy , Johannes Schmude , Vishal Gaur , Wei Ji Leong , Manil Maskey , Rahul Ramachandran

Due to computational constraints, running global climate models (GCMs) for many years requires a lower spatial grid resolution (${\gtrsim}50$ km) than is optimal for accurately resolving important physical processes. Such processes are…

Neural networks have opened up many new opportunities to utilize remotely sensed images in meteorology. Common applications include image classification, e.g., to determine whether an image contains a tropical cyclone, and image…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-05-08 Imme Ebert-Uphoff , Kyle A. Hilburn

Boundary layer turbulence, particularly the vertical fluxes of momentum, shapes the evolution of winds and currents and plays a critical role in weather, climate, and biogeochemical processes. In this work, a unified, data-driven…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Renaud Falga , Sara Shamekh , Laure Zanna

We explore how neural differential equations (NDEs) may be trained on highly resolved fluid-dynamical models of unresolved scales providing an ideal framework for data-driven parameterizations in climate models. NDEs overcome some of the…

The atmosphere is chaotic. This fundamental property of the climate system makes forecasting weather incredibly challenging: it's impossible to expect weather models to ever provide perfect predictions of the Earth system beyond timescales…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-12-15 Elizabeth A. Barnes , Kirsten Mayer , Benjamin Toms , Zane Martin , Emily Gordon

Climate change exacerbates riverine floods, which occur with higher frequency and intensity than ever. The much-needed forecasting systems typically rely on accurate river discharge predictions. To this end, the SOTA data-driven approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Nikolas Kirschstein , Yixuan Sun

This work presents a novel methodology for analysis and control of nonlinear fluid systems using neural networks. The approach is demonstrated on four different study cases being the Lorenz system, a modified version of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-08-28 Tarcísio Déda , William Wolf , Scott Dawson

Predictive geometric models deliver excellent results for many Machine Learning use cases. Despite their undoubted performance, neural predictive algorithms can show unexpected degrees of instability and variance, particularly when applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Michaela Regneri , Malte Hoffmann , Jurij Kost , Niklas Pietsch , Timo Schulz , Sabine Stamm

Percolation is an important topic in climate, physics, materials science, epidemiology, finance, and so on. Prediction of percolation thresholds with machine learning methods remains challenging. In this paper, we build a powerful graph…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-04-10 Hua Tian , Lirong Zhang , Youjin Deng , Wanzhou Zhang