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Reinforcement learning (RL) commonly relies on scalar rewards with limited ability to express temporal, conditional, or safety-critical goals, and can lead to reward hacking. Temporal logic expressible via the more general class of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Dominik Wagner , Leon Witzman , Luke Ong

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is expressive formal language that specifies spatio-temporal requirements in robotics. Its quantitative robustness semantics can be easily integrated with optimization-based control frameworks. However, STL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tianhao Wu , Yiwei Lyu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as an efficient method of choice for solving complex sequential decision making problems in automatic control, computer science, economics, and biology. In this paper we present a model-free RL…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Mohammadhosein Hasanbeig , Yiannis Kantaros , Alessandro Abate , Daniel Kroening , George J. Pappas , Insup Lee

In this discussion paper, we survey recent research surrounding robustness of machine learning models. As learning algorithms become increasingly more popular in data-driven control systems, their robustness to data uncertainty must be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Brendon G. Anderson , Tanmay Gautam , Somayeh Sojoudi

In many real-world applications, safety constraints for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are either unknown or not explicitly defined. We propose a framework that concurrently learns safety constraints and optimal RL policies in such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-02 Lunet Yifru , Ali Baheri

Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) is a popular formalism to specify temporal patterns with timing constraints over the behavior of cyber-physical systems with application areas ranging in property-based testing, robotics, optimization, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Dogan Ulus

In many real-world applications of control system and robotics, linear temporal logic (LTL) is a widely-used task specification language which has a compositional grammar that naturally induces temporally extended behaviours across tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Duo Xu , Faramarz Fekri

The high availability and scalability of weakly-consistent systems attracts system designers. Yet, writing correct application code for this type of systems is difficult; even how to specify the intended behavior of such systems is still an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Mathias Weber , Annette Bieniusa , Arnd Poetzsch-Heffter

Although it is widely accepted that every system should be robust, in the sense that "small" violations of environment assumptions should lead to "small" violations of system guarantees, it is less clear how to make this intuitive notion of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-11-02 Paulo Tabuada , Daniel Neider

Robots often need to learn the human's reward function online, during the current interaction. This real-time learning requires fast but approximate learning rules: when the human's behavior is noisy or suboptimal, current approximations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Shaunak A. Mehta , Forrest Meng , Andrea Bajcsy , Dylan P. Losey

Evaluating robustness under temporal distribution shift remains an open challenge. Existing metrics quantify the average decline in performance, but fail to capture how models adapt to evolving data. As a result, temporal degradation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Lorenzo Iovine , Giacomo Ziffer , Emanuele Della Valle

In many real world scheduling problems, the processing times of tasks are subject to uncertainty. This makes it essential to design schedules that are robust and able to handle potential disruptions. Therefore, we investigate measures that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Casper Loman , Loriana Pascual , Marjan van den Akker , Roel van den Broek , Han Hoogeveen

In spatially located, large scale systems, time and space dynamics interact and drives the behaviour. Examples of such systems can be found in many smart city applications and Cyber-Physical Systems. In this paper we present the Signal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 L. Nenzi , L. Bortolussi , V. Ciancia , M. Loreti , M. Massink

We study feedback motion planning for continuous-time stochastic nonlinear systems under signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. We propose a framework that synthesizes control policies for chance-constrained STL trajectory optimization…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Liqian Ma , Zishun Liu , Glen Chou , Yongxin Chen

This paper introduces time window temporal logic (TWTL), a rich expressivity language for describing various time bounded specifications. In particular, the syntax and semantics of TWTL enable the compact representation of serial tasks,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Derya Aksaray , Calin Belta

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms interact with their environment in a trial-and-error fashion. Such interactions can be expensive, inefficient, and timely when learning on a physical system rather than in a simulation. This work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Tommaso Mannucci , Julio de Oliveira Filho

Online monitoring aims to evaluate or to predict, at runtime, whether or not the behaviors of a system satisfy some desired specification. It plays a key role in safety-critical cyber-physical systems. In this work, we propose a new…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-10 Xinyi Yu , Weijie Dong , Xiang Yin , Shaoyuan Li

Spatio-Temporal prediction plays a critical role in smart city construction. Jointly modeling multiple spatio-temporal tasks can further promote an intelligent city life by integrating their inseparable relationship. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Zijian Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao , Hao Miao , Chunxu Zhang , Hongwei Zhao , Junbo Zhang

Temporal logics provide a formalism for expressing complex system specifications. A large body of literature has addressed the verification and the control synthesis problem for deterministic systems under such specifications. For…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-08-27 Lars Lindemann , George J. Pappas , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

This article presents MAPS$^2$ : a distributed algorithm that allows multi-robot systems to deliver coupled tasks expressed as Signal Temporal Logic (STL) constraints. Classical control theoretical tools addressing STL constraints either…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mayank Sewlia , Christos K. Verginis , Dimos V. Dimarogonas