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Software developers frequently reuse source code from repositories as it saves development time and effort. Code clones accumulated in these repositories hence represent often repeated functionalities and are candidates for reuse in an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Muhammad Hammad , Önder Babur , Hamid Abdul Basit

The code clone detection method based on semantic similarity has important value in software engineering tasks (e.g., software evolution, software reuse). Traditional code clone detection technologies pay more attention to the similarity of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Cheng Huang , Hui Zhou , Chunyang Ye , Bingzhuo Li

Source code clones pose risks ranging from intellectual property violations to unintended vulnerabilities. Effective and efficient scalable clone detection, especially for diverged clones, remains challenging. Large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Muslim Chochlov , Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , David Gregg , Jim Buckley

The rapid evolution of programming languages and software systems has necessitated the implementation of multilingual and scalable clone detection tools. However, it is difficult to achieve the above requirements at the same time. Most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yuhang Ye , Yuekun Wang , Yinxing Xue , Yueming Wu , Yang Liu

Code reuse is common in modern software development, but it can also spread vulnerabilities when developers unknowingly copy risky code. The code fragments that preserve the logic of known vulnerabilities are known as vulnerable code clones…

Deep Learning (DL) models to analyze source code have shown immense promise during the past few years. More recently, self-supervised pre-training has gained traction for learning generic code representations valuable for many downstream SE…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yangruibo Ding , Saikat Chakraborty , Luca Buratti , Saurabh Pujar , Alessandro Morari , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Duplicated code or code clones are a kind of code smell that have both positive and negative impacts on the development and maintenance of software systems. Software clone research in the past mostly focused on the detection and analysis of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Chanchal K. Roy , Minhaz F. Zibran , Rainer Koschke

One of the important factors that make a search engine fast and accurate is a concise and duplicate free index. In order to remove duplicate and near-duplicate documents from the index, a search engine needs a swift and reliable duplicate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Hamid Mohammadi , Seyed Hossein Khasteh

Determining the programming language of a source code file has been considered in the research community; it has been shown that Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms can be effective in identifying the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Kamel Alreshedy , Dhanush Dharmaretnam , Daniel M. German , Venkatesh Srinivasan , T. Aaron Gulliver

Semantic code search is the task of retrieving relevant code snippet given a natural language query. Different from typical information retrieval tasks, code search requires to bridge the semantic gap between the programming language and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Chen Wu , Ming Yan

Developers spend a significant amount of time searching for code: e.g., to understand how to complete, correct, or adapt their own code for a new context. Unfortunately, the state of the art in code search has not evolved much beyond text…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Vineeth Kashyap , David Bingham Brown , Ben Liblit , David Melski , Thomas Reps

This paper investigates source code similarity detection using a transformer model augmented with an execution-derived signal. We extend GraphCodeBERT with an explicit, low-dimensional behavioral feature that captures observable agreement…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jorge Martinez-Gil

The lexical and syntactic disparities among different programming languages (e.g., Java and Python) pose significant challenges for multi-language software engineering tasks such as cross-language code clone detection and code retrieval,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Junhao Chen , Jingxuan Zhang , Jian He , Yixuan Tang , Weiqin Zou

Code search is an important and well-studied task, but it usually means searching for code by a text query. We argue that using a code snippet (and possibly an error traceback) as a query while looking for bugfixing instructions and code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ivan Sedykh , Dmitry Abulkhanov , Nikita Sorokin , Sergey Nikolenko , Valentin Malykh

Code cloning is an important software engineering aspect. It is a common software reuse principle that consists of duplicating source code within a program or across different systems owned or maintained by the same entity. There are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-04-30 Oualid El Halimi , Trith Patel , Zohaib S. Kiyani , Naresh. Kumar , Ankit Singh

Code retrieval is to find the code snippet from a large corpus of source code repositories that highly matches the query of natural language description. Recent work mainly uses natural language processing techniques to process both query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Xiang Ling , Lingfei Wu , Saizhuo Wang , Gaoning Pan , Tengfei Ma , Fangli Xu , Alex X. Liu , Chunming Wu , Shouling Ji

The occurrence of similar code, or `code clones', can make program code difficult to read, modify and maintain. This paper describes industrial case studies of clone detection and elimination using a refactoring and clone detection tool. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Simon Thompson , Huiqing Li , Andreas Schumacher

Semantic clone detection is the process of finding program elements with similar or equal runtime behavior. For example, detecting the semantic equality between the recursive and iterative implementation of the factorial computation.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hannes Thaller , Lukas Linsbauer , Alexander Egyed

Code clones are code snippets that are identical or similar to other snippets within the same or different files. They are often created through copy-and-paste practices during development and maintenance activities. Since code clones may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Reishi Yokomori , Katsuro Inoue

Inconsistent modifications to code clones can lead to software defects. Many approaches exist to support consistent modifications based on clone detection and/or change pattern extraction. However, no tool currently supports synchronization…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Motoki Abe , Shinpei Hayashi