Related papers: Disentangling the formation history of galaxies vi…
We present a combination of the Schwarzschild orbit-superposition dynamical modelling technique with the spatially-resolved mean stellar age and metallicity maps to uncover the formation history of galaxies. We apply this new approach to a…
We present a new study concerning the application of the Schwarzschild orbit superposition method to model spherical galaxies. The method aims to recover the mass and the orbit anisotropy parameter profiles of the objects using measurements…
Dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies are believed to be strongly dark matter dominated and thus are considered perfect objects to study dark matter distribution and test theories of structure formation. They possess resolved, multiple stellar…
We evaluate the capabilities of Schwarzschild's orbit-superposition method by applying it to galaxies from the large scale, high resolution Illustris simulation. Nine early-type galaxies with a range of triaxiality are selected, and we…
We describe an improved, practical method for constructing galaxy models that match an arbitrary set of observational constraints, without prior assumptions about the phase-space distribution function (DF). Our method is an extension of…
We construct axisymmetric and triaxial galaxy models with a phase-space distribution function that depends on linear combinations of the three exact integrals of motion for a separable potential. These Abel models, first introduced by…
This article describes the Schwarzschild orbit superposition method. It is the state-of-the-art dynamical modelling tool for early-type galaxies. Tests with analytic models show that masses and orbital anisotropies of not too face-on…
In our previous paper, we developed an orbit-superposition method for edge-on barred galaxies and constructed a set of dynamical models based on different mock observations of three galaxies from the Auriga simulations. In this study, we…
Schwarzschild dynamical models are now regularly employed in large surveys of galaxies in the local and distant Universe to derive information on galaxies' intrinsic properties such as their orbital structure and their (dark matter and…
Barred structures are important in understanding galaxy evolution, but they were not included explicitly in most dynamical models for nearby galaxies due to their complicated morphological and kinematic properties. We modify the triaxial…
We present an implementation of the Schwarzschild orbit superposition method which can be used for constructing self-consistent equilibrium models of barred or non-barred disc galaxies, or of elliptical galaxies with figure rotation. This…
Schwarzschild's orbit-superposition technique is the most developed and well-tested method available for constraining the detailed mass distributions of equilibrium stellar systems. Here I provide a very short overview of the method and its…
We present Forstand, a new code for constructing dynamical models of galaxies with the Schwarzschild orbit-superposition method. These models are constrained by line-of-sight kinematic observations and applicable to galaxies of all…
We apply the Schwarzschild orbit superposition method to mock data in order to investigate the accuracy of recovering the profile of the orbit anisotropy. The mock data come from four numerical realizations of dark matter haloes with well…
Studies of the internal mass structure of galaxies have observed a `conspiracy' between the dark matter and stellar components, with total (stars $+$ dark) density profiles showing remarkable regularity and low intrinsic scatter across…
We describe a practical method for constructing axisymmetric two-integral galaxy models (with distribution functions of the form f(E,L_z), in which E is the orbital energy, and L_z is the vertical component of the angular momentum), based…
An extension of Schwarzschild's galaxy-building technique is presented that, for the first time, enables one to build Schwarzschild models with known distribution functions (DFs). The new extension makes it possible to combine a DF that…
In integrated-light, some color-color diagrams that use optical and near-infrared photometry show surprisingly orthogonal grids as age and metallicity are varied, and they are coming into common usage for estimating the average age and…
Tremendous progress has been made recently in modelling the morphology and kinematics of centers of galaxies. Increasingly realistic models are built for central bar, bulge, nucleus and black hole of galaxies, including our own. The newly…
We review the Schwarzschild orbit-superposition approach and present a new implementation of this method, which can deal with a large class of systems, including rotating barred disk galaxies. We discuss two conceptuals problems in this…