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Zero noise extrapolation (ZNE) is a widely used technique for gate error mitigation on near term quantum computers because it can be implemented in software and does not require knowledge of the quantum computer noise parameters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Vincent R. Pascuzzi , Andre He , Christian W. Bauer , Wibe A. de Jong , Benjamin Nachman

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While most conventional QEM schemes assume discrete gate-based circuits with noise appearing either before or after each gate, the assumptions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Takahiro Tsunoda , Vlatko Vedral , Simon C. Bejamin , Suguru Endo

One of the greatest challenges for current quantum computing hardware is how to obtain reliable results from noisy devices. A recent paper [A. Kandala et al., Nature 567, 491 (2019)] described a method for injecting noise by stretching gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-22 Sam Tomkins , Rogério de Sousa

A common approach to deal with gate errors in modern quantum-computing hardware is zero-noise extrapolation. By artificially amplifying errors and extrapolating the expectation values obtained with different error strengths towards the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Kathrin F. Koenig , Finn Reinecke , Walter Hahn , Thomas Wellens

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary quantum algorithms research. Practical implementations of these algorithms, despite offering certain levels of robustness against systematic errors, show a decline…

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

Error mitigation (EM) methods are crucial for obtaining reliable results in the realm of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, where noise significantly impacts output accuracy. Some EM protocols are particularly efficient for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Thibault Scoquart , Hugo Perrin , Kyrylo Snizhko

We introduce a simple, widely applicable formalism for designing "error-divisible" two qubit gates: a quantum gate set where fractional rotations have proportionally reduced error compared to the full entangling gate. In current noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-25 David Rodriguez Perez , Paul Varosy , Ziqian Li , Tanay Roy , Eliot Kapit , David Schuster

In the current era of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology, the practical use of quantum computers remains inhibited by our inability to aptly decouple qubits from their environment to mitigate computational errors. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-09 Thomas J. Maldonado , Johannes Flick , Stefan Krastanov , Alexey Galda

As an alternative to quantum error correction, quantum error mitigation methods, including Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE), have been proposed to alleviate run-time errors in current noisy quantum devices. In this work, we propose a modified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Wenbo Shi , Neel Kanth Kundu , Matthew R. McKay , Robert Malaney

As quantum computing advances towards practical applications, reducing errors remains a crucial frontier for developing near-term devices. Errors in the quantum gates and quantum state readout could result in noisy circuits, which would…

Recent thousand-qubit processors represent a significant hardware advancement, but current limitations prevent effective quantum error correction (QEC), necessitating reliance on quantum error mitigation (QEM) to enhance result fidelity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Leanghok Hour , Myeongseong Go , Youngsun Han

Running quantum programs is fraught with challenges on on today's noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Many of these challenges originate from the error characteristics that stem from rapid decoherence and noise during…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 Ellis Wilson , Sudhakar Singh , Frank Mueller

Quantum algorithms offer a dramatic speedup for computational problems in machine learning, material science, and chemistry. However, any near-term realizations of these algorithms will need to be heavily optimized to fit within the finite…

A long-standing challenge in quantum computing is developing technologies to overcome the inevitable noise in qubits. To enable meaningful applications in the early stages of fault-tolerant quantum computing, devising methods to suppress…

Dynamical decoupling techniques are the method of choice for increasing gate fidelities. While these methods have produced very impressive results in terms of decreasing local noise and increasing the fidelities of single qubit operations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-15 Tuvia Gefen , Daniel Cohen , Itsik Cohen , Alex Retzker

Noise in quantum hardware remains the biggest roadblock for the implementation of quantum computers. To fight the noise in the practical application of near-term quantum computers, instead of relying on quantum error correction which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-14 Zhenyu Cai

Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) trapped-ion devices are subject to errors which can significantly impact the accuracy of calculations if left unchecked. A form of error mitigation called zero noise extrapolation (ZNE) can…

Quantum computing devices are inevitably subject to errors. To leverage quantum technologies for computational benefits in practical applications, quantum algorithms and protocols must be implemented reliably under noise and imperfections.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-18 Jihye Kim , Byungdu Oh , Yonuk Chong , Euyheon Hwang , Daniel K. Park

Near-term quantum computers have been built as intermediate-scale quantum devices and are fragile against quantum noise effects, namely, NISQ devices. Traditional quantum-error-correcting codes are not implemented on such devices and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Yusuke Hama , Hirofumi Nishi
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