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Transfer and Koopman operator methods offer a framework for representing complex, nonlinear dynamical systems via linear transformations, enabling a deeper understanding of the underlying dynamics. The spectra of these operators provide…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Gary Froyland , Kevin Kühl

To infer eigenvalues of the infinite-dimensional Koopman operator, we study the leading eigenvalues of the autocovariance matrix associated with a given observable of a dynamical system. For any observable $f$ for which all the time-delayed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-06 Yicun Zhen , Bertrand Chapron , Etienne Memin , Lin Peng

A theoretic framework for dynamics is obtained by transferring dynamics from state space to its dual space. As a result, the linear structure where dynamics are analytically decomposed to subcomponents and invariant subspaces decomposition…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-07-03 Wei Zhang , Mingjun Wei

This paper tackles the data-driven approximation of unknown dynamical systems using Koopman-operator methods. Given a dictionary of functions, these methods approximate the projection of the action of the operator on the finite-dimensional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Masih Haseli , Jorge Cortés

The Koopman operator has recently garnered much attention for its value in dynamical systems analysis and data-driven model discovery. However, its application has been hindered by the computational complexity of extended dynamic mode…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Enoch Yeung , Soumya Kundu , Nathan Hodas

We apply an operator-theoretic viewpoint to a class of non-smooth dynamical systems that are exposed to event-triggered state resets. The considered benchmark problem is that of a pendulum which receives a downward kick under certain fixed…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-09-01 Nithin Govindarajan , Hassan Arbabi , Louis van Blargian , Timothy Matchen , Emma Tegling , Igor Mezić

Discovering a suitable coordinate transformation for nonlinear systems enables the construction of simpler models, facilitating prediction, control, and optimization for complex nonlinear systems. To that end, Koopman operator theory offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Pawan Goyal , Süleyman Yıldız , Peter Benner

Koopman spectral theory has provided a new perspective in the field of dynamical systems in recent years. Modern dynamical systems are becoming increasingly non-linear and complex, and there is a need for a framework to model these systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Alexander Krolicki , Pierre-Yves Lavertu

A high order optimal control strategy implemented in the Koopman operator framework is proposed in this work. The new technique exploits the Koopman representation of the solution of the equations of motion to develop an energy optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-15 Simone Servadio , Roberto Armellin , Richard Linares

This paper considers the observability of nonlinear systems from a Koopman operator theoretic perspective--and in particular--the effect of symmetry on observability. We first examine an infinite-dimensional linear system (constructed using…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Afshin Mesbahi , Jingjing Bu , Mehran Mesbahi

This paper presents a methodology to achieve lower-dimensional Koopman quasi-linear representations of nonlinear system dynamics using Koopman generalized eigenfunctions. The proposed approach considers the analytically derived Koopman…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Simone Martini , Margareta Stefanovic , Kimon P. Valavanis

The Koopman linearization of measure-preserving systems or topological dynamical systems on compact spaces has proven to be extremely useful. In this article we look at dynamics given by continuous semiflows on completely regular spaces…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-28 Bálint Farkas , Henrik Kreidler

When complex systems with nonlinear dynamics achieve an output performance objective, only a fraction of the state dynamics significantly impacts that output. Those minimal state dynamics can be identified using the differential geometric…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-19 Shara Balakrishnan , Aqib Hasnain , Robert Egbert , Enoch Yeung

Dynamical systems are ubiquitous and are often modeled using a non-linear system of governing equations. Numerical solution procedures for many dynamical systems have existed for several decades, but can be slow due to high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Kaushik Balakrishnan , Devesh Upadhyay

This paper proposes a mode-in-state contribution factor for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems by utilizing spectral properties of the Koopman operator and sensitivity analysis. Using eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator for a target…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-24 Kenji Takamichi , Yoshihiko Susuki , Marcos Netto , Atsushi Ishigame

The Koopman operator has become a celebrated tool in modern dynamical systems theory for analyzing and interpreting both models and datasets. The linearity of the Koopman operator means that important characteristics about it, and in turn…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-08-01 Jason J. Bramburger

The Koopman operator theory is an increasingly popular formalism of dynamical systems theory which enables analysis and prediction of the nonlinear dynamics from measurement data. Building on the recent development of the Koopman model…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-06-08 Hassan Arbabi , Milan Korda , Igor Mezic

Deep learning is revolutionizing weather forecasting, with new data-driven models achieving accuracy on par with operational physical models for medium-term predictions. However, these models often lack interpretability, making their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 David Millard , Arielle Carr , Stéphane Gaudreault

Koopman decomposition is a non-linear generalization of eigen-decomposition, and is being increasingly utilized in the analysis of spatio-temporal dynamics. Well-known techniques such as the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and its linear…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-05-12 Shaowu Pan , Nicholas Arnold-Medabalimi , Karthik Duraisamy

Koopman operators model nonlinear dynamics as a linear dynamic system acting on a nonlinear function as the state. This nonstandard state is often called a Koopman observable and is usually approximated numerically by a superposition of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Charles A. Johnson , Shara Balakrishnan , Enoch Yeung