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We prove that if an $n$-vertex graph $G$ can be drawn in the plane such that each pair of crossing edges is independent and there is a crossing-free edge that connects their endpoints, then $G$ has $O(n)$ edges. Graphs that admit such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-31 Eyal Ackerman , Balázs Keszegh , Mate Vizer

A visibility representation is a classical drawing style of planar graphs. It displays the vertices of a graph as horizontal vertex-segments, and each edge is represented by a vertical edge-segment touching the segments of its end vertices;…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-08-26 Franz J. Brandenburg

A 1-planar graph is a graph which has a drawing on the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. If a 1-planar graph is drawn in that way, the drawing is called a {\it 1-plane graph}. A graph is maximal 1-plane (or 1-planar) if no…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Zhangdong Ouyang , Yuanqiu Huang , Licheng Zhang , Fengming Dong

A graph whose vertices are points in the plane and whose edges are noncrossing straight-line segments of unit length is called a \emph{matchstick graph}. We prove two somewhat counterintuitive results concerning the maximum number of edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Panna Gehér , János Pach , Konrad Swanepoel , Géza Tóth

A graph is $2$-planar if it has local crossing number two, that is, it can be drawn in the plane such that every edge has at most two crossings. A graph is maximal $2$-planar if no edge can be added such that the resulting graph remains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-16 Michael Hoffmann , Meghana M. Reddy

A drawing of a graph in the plane is called 1-planar if each edge is crossed at most once. A graph together with a 1-planar drawing is a 1-plane graph. A 1-plane graph $G$ with exactly $4|V (G)|-8$ edges is called optimal. The crossing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Zhangdong Ouyang , Yuanqiu Huang , Licheng Zhang

The k-planar graphs, which are (usually with small values of k such as 1, 2, 3) subject to recent intense research, admit a drawing in which edges are allowed to cross, but each one edge is allowed to carry at most k crossings. In recently…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-02 Petr Hliněný , Lili Ködmön

A space is `n-strong arc connected' (n-sac) if for any n points in the space there is an arc in the space visiting them in order. A space is omega-strong arc connected (omega-sac) if it is n-sac for all n. We study these properties in…

General Topology · Mathematics 2012-09-26 Benjamin Espinoza , Paul Gartside , Merve Kovan-Bakan , Ana Mamatelashvili

A fan is a set of edges with a single common endpoint. A graph is fan-crossing if it admits a drawing in the plane so that each edge is crossed by edges of a fan. It is fan-planar if, in addition, the common endpoint is on the same side of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Franz J. Brandenburg

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn on the plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. In this note we give examples of class two 1-planar graphs with maximum degree six or seven.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-26 Xin Zhang

IC-planar graphs are those graphs that admit a drawing where no two crossed edges share an end-vertex and each edge is crossed at most once. They are a proper subfamily of the 1-planar graphs. Given an embedded IC-planar graph $G$ with $n$…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Franz J. Brandenburg , Walter Didimo , William S. Evans , Philipp Kindermann , Giuseppe Liotta , Fabrizio Montecchiani

A connected topological drawing of a graph divides the plane into a number of cells. The type of a cell $c$ is the cyclic sequence of crossings and vertices along the boundary walk of $c$. For example, all triangular cells with three…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Benedikt Hahn , Torsten Ueckerdt , Birgit Vogtenhuber

Graph drawing beyond planarity focuses on drawings of high visual quality for non-planar graphs which are characterized by certain forbidden edge configurations. A natural criterion for the quality of a drawing is the number of edge…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Nathan van Beusekom , Irene Parada , Bettina Speckmann

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. A graph, together with a 1-planar drawing is called 1-plane. Brandenburg et al. showed that there are maximal 1-planar graphs with only…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-21 János Barát , Géza Tóth

A graph with n vertices is 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once, and is optimal if it has the maximum of 4n-8 edges. We show that optimal 1-planar graphs can be recognized in linear time. Our…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Franz J. Brandenburg

An octilinear drawing of a planar graph is one in which each edge is drawn as a sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal at 45 degrees line-segments. For such drawings to be readable, special care is needed in order to keep the number…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Robert Krug

In this paper we present a characterisation, by an infinite family of minimal forbidden induced subgraphs, of proper circular arc graphs which are intersection graphs of paths on a grid, where each path has at most one bend (turn).

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Esther Galby , Maria Pia Mazzoleni , Bernard Ries

A topological drawing of a graph is fan-planar if for each edge $e$ the edges crossing $e$ form a star and no endpoint of $e$ is enclosed by $e$ and its crossing edges. A fan-planar graph is a graph admitting such a drawing. Equivalently,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Michael Kaufmann , Torsten Ueckerdt

For an angle $\alpha\in (0,\pi)$, we consider plane graphs and multigraphs in which the edges are either (i) one-bend polylines with an angle $\alpha$ between the two edge segments, or (ii) circular arcs of central angle $2(\pi-\alpha)$. We…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Csaba D. Tóth

Unit edge-length drawings, rectilinear drawings (where each edge is either a horizontal or a vertical segment), and rectangular face drawings are among the most studied subjects in Graph Drawing. However, most of the literature on these…