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We have used a star-count algorithm based the Panoramic Survey Telescope And Rapid Response System 3$\pi$ survey data aim to identify and characterize uncharted open clusters (OCs). With limiting magnitudes of about 22 mag in \gps, \rps,…

The Variational Quantum Linear Solver (VQLS), a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for solving linear systems, faces a practical scalability bottleneck: the Linear Combination of Unitaries (LCU) decomposition requires O(L^2) circuit…

We introduce a novel method for discerning optical telescope images of stars from those of galaxies using Gaussian processes (GPs). Although applications of GPs often struggle in high-dimensional data modalities such as optical image…

In this paper we present the first results of deep star counts carried out within the Calar Alto Deep Imaging Survey, CADIS (Meisenheimer 1998). Although CADIS was designed as an extragalactic survey, it also attempts to identify the stars…

Point Cloud Registration (PCR) is a fundamental and significant issue in photogrammetry and remote sensing, aiming to seek the optimal rigid transformation between sets of points. Achieving efficient and precise PCR poses a considerable…

We report weak-lensing masses for 51 of the most X-ray luminous galaxy clusters known. This cluster sample, introduced earlier in this series of papers, spans redshifts 0.15 < z_cl < 0.7, and is well suited to calibrate mass proxies for…

We describe DPOSS, a new digital survey of the northern sky, based on the POSS-II photographic sky atlas. The survey covers the entire sky north of delta = -3 deg in 3 bands, calibrated to the Gunn $gri$ system, reaching to equivalent…

We present recent results from the LCDM (Laboratory for Cosmological Data Mining; http://lcdm.astro.uiuc.edu) collaboration between UIUC Astronomy and NCSA to deploy supercomputing cluster resources and machine learning algorithms for the…

This article is the second in a series in which we perform an extensive comparison of various galaxy-based cluster mass estimation techniques that utilise the positions, velocities and colours of galaxies. Our aim is to quantify the…

We present status and results of AstroGrid-D, a joint effort of astrophysicists and computer scientists to employ grid technology for scientific applications. AstroGrid-D provides access to a network of distributed machines with a set of…

This paper presents a comprehensive study of quasar photometric classification and redshift estimation using machine learning techniques. We cross-matched photometric data from the Dark Energy Survey Data Release 2 (DES DR2) with…

Otus is a high-performance computing cluster that was launched in 2025 and is operated by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC2) at Paderborn University in Germany. The system is part of the National High Performance Computing…

Grid is an infrastructure that involves the integrated and collaborative use of computers, networks, databases and scientific instruments owned and managed by multiple organizations. Grid applications often involve large amounts of data…

Real-space grids are a powerful alternative for the simulation of electronic systems. One of the main advantages of the approach is the flexibility and simplicity of working directly in real space where the different fields are discretized…

We describe the political and technical complications encountered during the astronomical CosmoGrid project. CosmoGrid is a numerical study on the formation of large scale structure in the universe. The simulations are challenging due to…

We present a catalogue of about 6 million unresolved photometric detections in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Seventh Data Release classifying them into stars, galaxies and quasars. We use a machine learning classifier trained on a subset of…

The challenge to fully exploit the potential of existing and upcoming scientific instruments like large single-dish radio telescopes is to process the collected massive data effectively and efficiently. As a "quasi 2D stencil computation"…

We present spectroscopic and photometric data for 920 galaxies selected in 68 fields of the Aquarius Cluster Catalog. Typically the 15 brightest candidate members with magnitudes in the range 16 < b_J < 21 were selected for observations,…

We present a new numerical scheme to solve the transfer of diffuse radiation on three-dimensional mesh grids which is efficient on processors with highly parallel architecture such as recently popular GPUs and CPUs with multi- and many-core…

We present an optically selected galaxy cluster catalog from ~ 2,700 square degrees of the Digitized Second Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (DPOSS), spanning the redshift range 0.1 < z < 0.5, providing an intermediate redshift supplement to…