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Q-learning is a popular reinforcement learning algorithm. This algorithm has however been studied and analysed mainly in the infinite horizon setting. There are several important applications which can be modeled in the framework of finite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Vivek VP , Dr. Shalabh Bhatnagar

Deep Q-learning based algorithms have been applied successfully in many decision making problems, while their theoretical foundations are not as well understood. In this paper, we study a Fitted Q-Iteration with two-layer ReLU neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Mudit Gaur , Vaneet Aggarwal , Mridul Agarwal

We study whether a risk-sensitive objective from asset-pricing theory -- recursive utility -- improves reinforcement learning for portfolio allocation. The Bellman equation under recursive utility involves a certainty equivalent (CE) of…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-25 Minkey Chang

Offline or batch reinforcement learning seeks to learn a near-optimal policy using history data without active exploration of the environment. To counter the insufficient coverage and sample scarcity of many offline datasets, the principle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Laixi Shi , Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen , Yuejie Chi

Reinforcement learning algorithms have been widely used for decision-making tasks in various domains. However, the performance of these algorithms can be impacted by high variance and instability, particularly in environments with noise or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-31 Saunak Kumar Panda , Tong Li , Ruiqi Liu , Yisha Xiang

We develop a parameterized Primal-Dual $\pi$ Learning method based on deep neural networks for Markov decision process with large state space and off-policy reinforcement learning. In contrast to the popular Q-learning and actor-critic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Woon Sang Cho , Mengdi Wang

We study whether the learning rate $\alpha$, the discount factor $\gamma$ and the reward signal $r$ have an influence on the overestimation bias of the Q-Learning algorithm. Our preliminary results in environments which are stochastic and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-12 Julius Wagenbach , Matthia Sabatelli

The Whittle index policy is a heuristic that has shown remarkably good performance (with guaranteed asymptotic optimality) when applied to the class of problems known as Restless Multi-Armed Bandit Problems (RMABPs). In this paper we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Francisco Robledo Relaño , Vivek Borkar , Urtzi Ayesta , Konstantin Avrachenkov

Reinforcement learning (RL) has seen significant research and application results but often requires large amounts of training data. This paper proposes two data-efficient off-policy RL methods that use parametrized Q-learning. In these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-09 J. S. van Hulst , W. P. M. H. Heemels , D. J. Antunes

Several researchers have recently investigated the connection between reinforcement learning and classification. We are motivated by proposals of approximate policy iteration schemes without value functions which focus on policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-07-06 Christos Dimitrakakis , Michail G. Lagoudakis

We analyse and explain the increased generalisation performance of iterate averaging using a Gaussian process perturbation model between the true and batch risk surface on the high dimensional quadratic. We derive three phenomena…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-02 Diego Granziol , Xingchen Wan , Samuel Albanie , Stephen Roberts

We study reinforcement learning under model misspecification, where we do not have access to the true environment but only to a reasonably close approximation to it. We address this problem by extending the framework of robust MDPs to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Aurko Roy , Huan Xu , Sebastian Pokutta

Both the optimal value function and the optimal policy can be used to model an optimal controller based on the duality established by the Bellman equation. Even with this duality, no parametric model has been able to output both policy and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Jicheng Shi , Yingzhao Lian , Colin N. Jones

We methodologically address the problem of Q-value overestimation in deep reinforcement learning to handle high-dimensional state spaces efficiently. By adapting concepts from information theory, we introduce an intrinsic penalty signal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Felix Leibfried , Jordi Grau-Moya , Haitham Bou-Ammar

This paper introduces a set of algorithms for Monte-Carlo Bayesian reinforcement learning. Firstly, Monte-Carlo estimation of upper bounds on the Bayes-optimal value function is employed to construct an optimistic policy. Secondly,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Christos Dimitrakakis

In this paper, a comparison of reinforcement learning algorithms and their performance on a robot box pushing task is provided. The robot box pushing problem is structured as both a single-agent problem and also a multi-agent problem. A…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Mehdi Rahimi , Spencer Gibb , Yantao Shen , Hung Manh La

Q-learning and SARSA are foundational reinforcement learning algorithms whose practical success depends critically on step-size calibration. Step-sizes that are too large can cause numerical instability, while step-sizes that are too small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-28 Hwanwoo Kim , Eric Laber

We study online transfer reinforcement learning (RL) in episodic Markov decision processes, where experience from related source tasks is available during learning on a target task. A fundamental difficulty is that task similarity is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Elynn Chen , Enpei Zhang , Jinhang Chai , Yujun Yan

Many reinforcement learning algorithms rely on value estimation, however, the most widely used algorithms -- namely temporal difference algorithms -- can diverge under both off-policy sampling and nonlinear function approximation. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Andrew Patterson , Adam White , Martha White

The Bellman equation and its continuous form, the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, are ubiquitous in reinforcement learning and control theory. However, these equations become intractable for high-dimensional or nonlinear systems. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Preston Rozwood , Edward Mehrez , Ludger Paehler , Wen Sun , Steven L. Brunton
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