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Catastrophic forgetting remains a central challenge in continual learning (CL) with pre-trained models. While existing approaches typically freeze the backbone and fine-tune a small number of parameters to mitigate forgetting, they still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiao Chen , Jiayi He , Fangfang Chen , Zuohong Lv , Jianhua Tang

Continual learning (CL) addresses the problem of catastrophic forgetting in neural networks, which occurs when a trained model tends to overwrite previously learned information, when presented with a new task. CL aims to instill the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Shishir Muralidhara , Saqib Bukhari , Georg Schneider , Didier Stricker , René Schuster

Continual learning (CL) is a technique that enables neural networks to constantly adapt to their dynamic surroundings. Despite being overlooked for a long time, this technology can considerably address the customized needs of users in edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zeqing Wang , Fei Cheng , Kangye Ji , Bohu Huang

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to enable large language models (LLMs) to dynamically adapt to evolving knowledge and sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting-a critical limitation of the static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyang Chen , Zhongwu Sun , Hongfei Ye , Kunchi Li , Xuemin Lin

The stability-plasticity dilemma is a major challenge in continual learning, as it involves balancing the conflicting objectives of maintaining performance on previous tasks while learning new tasks. In this paper, we propose the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Haneol Kang , Dong-Wan Choi

Class-Incremental Learning aims to update a deep classifier to learn new categories while maintaining or improving its accuracy on previously observed classes. Common methods to prevent forgetting previously learned classes include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Elif Ceren Gok Yildirim , Murat Onur Yildirim , Mert Kilickaya , Joaquin Vanschoren

In real-world applications, learning-enabled systems often undergo iterative model development to address challenging or emerging tasks, which involve collecting new data, training a new model and validating the model. This continual model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Gang Li , Wendi Yu , Yao Yao , Wei Tong , Yingbin Liang , Qihang Lin , Tianbao Yang

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) happens whenever a neural network overwrites past knowledge while being trained on new tasks. Common techniques to handle CF include regularization of the weights (using, e.g., their importance on past tasks),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Jary Pomponi , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini

The main challenge of continual learning is \textit{catastrophic forgetting}. Because of processing data in one pass, online continual learning (OCL) is one of the most difficult continual learning scenarios. To address catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Aopeng Wang , Ke Deng , Yongli Ren , Jun Luo

Motivated by the efficiency and rapid convergence of pre-trained models for solving downstream tasks, this paper extensively studies the impact of Continual Learning (CL) models as pre-trainers. In both supervised and unsupervised CL, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jaehong Yoon , Sung Ju Hwang , Yue Cao

Foundational Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel across diverse tasks, but adapting them to new domains without forgetting prior knowledge remains a critical challenge. Continual Learning (CL) addresses this challenge by enabling models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vaibhav Singh , Rahaf Aljundi , Eugene Belilovsky

Node classification is a key task in temporal graph learning (TGL). Real-life temporal graphs often introduce new node classes over time, but existing TGL methods assume a fixed set of classes. This assumption brings limitations, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hanmo Liu , Shimin Di , Haoyang Li , Xun Jian , Yue Wang , Lei Chen

Distribution shift (e.g., task or domain shift) in continual learning (CL) usually results in catastrophic forgetting of neural networks. Although it can be alleviated by repeatedly replaying buffered data, the every-step replay is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Haiyan Zhao , Tianyi Zhou , Guodong Long , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

In this paper, we focus on a long-term continual learning (CL) task, where a model learns sequentially from a stream of vast tasks over time, acquiring new knowledge while retaining previously learned information in a manner akin to human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Yuxuan Cai , Qin Chen , Wen Wu , Xingjiao Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Liang He

The goal of continual learning (CL) is to learn a sequence of tasks without suffering from the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting. Previous work has shown that leveraging memory in the form of a replay buffer can reduce performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sayna Ebrahimi , Suzanne Petryk , Akash Gokul , William Gan , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Marcus Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell

Online Continual Learning (CL) solves the problem of learning the ever-emerging new classification tasks from a continuous data stream. Unlike its offline counterpart, in online CL, the training data can only be seen once. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Maorong Wang , Nicolas Michel , Ling Xiao , Toshihiko Yamasaki

The intrinsic capability to continuously learn a changing data stream is a desideratum of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, current DNNs suffer from catastrophic forgetting, which interferes with remembering past knowledge. To mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nghia D. Nguyen , Hieu Trung Nguyen , Ang Li , Hoang Pham , Viet Anh Nguyen , Khoa D. Doan

In this paper, we consider a challenging but realistic continual learning (CL) problem, Few-Shot Continual Active Learning (FoCAL), where a CL agent is provided with unlabeled data for a new or a previously learned task in each increment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Ali Ayub , Carter Fendley

The continual learning (CL) paradigm aims to enable neural networks to learn tasks continually in a sequential fashion. The fundamental challenge in this learning paradigm is catastrophic forgetting previously learned tasks when the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Ghada Sokar , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Federated Learning (FL) has gained significant attraction due to its ability to enable privacy-preserving training over decentralized data. Current literature in FL mostly focuses on single-task learning. However, over time, new tasks may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yavuz Faruk Bakman , Duygu Nur Yaldiz , Yahya H. Ezzeldin , Salman Avestimehr
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