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The security of private communication is increasingly at risk due to widespread surveillance. Steganography, a technique for embedding secret messages within innocuous carriers, enables covert communication over monitored channels. Provably…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Kaiyi Pang , Minhao Bai

This study discusses a new method combining image steganography technology with Natural Language Processing (NLP) large models, aimed at improving the accuracy and robustness of extracting steganographic text. Traditional Least Significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Mingyang Li , Maoqin Yuan , Luyao Li , Han Pengsihua

Reversible data hiding continues to attract significant attention in recent years. In particular, an increasing number of authors focus on the higher significant bit (HSB) plane of an image which can yield more redundant space. On the other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Fuhu Wu , Jian Sun , Shun Zhang , Zhili Chen , Hong Zhong

The widespread distribution of Large Language Models (LLMs) through public platforms like Hugging Face introduces significant security challenges. While these platforms perform basic security scans, they often fail to detect subtle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Shuai Yuan , Zhibo Zhang , Yuxi Li , Guangdong Bai , Wang Kailong

Slow running or straggler tasks can significantly reduce computation speed in distributed computation. Recently, coding-theory-inspired approaches have been applied to mitigate the effect of straggling, through embedding redundancy in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-24 Can Karakus , Yifan Sun , Suhas Diggavi , Wotao Yin

Modern retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems convert sensitive content into high-dimensional embeddings and store them in vector databases that treat the resulting numerical artifacts as opaque. Major vector-store products do not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jascha Wanger

Learning representation from relative similarity comparisons, often called ordinal embedding, gains rising attention in recent years. Most of the existing methods are batch methods designed mainly based on the convex optimization, say, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-01 Ke Ma , Jinshan Zeng , Jiechao Xiong , Qianqian Xu , Xiaochun Cao , Wei Liu , Yuan Yao

Jailbreak attacks pose a serious threat to Large Language Models (LLMs) by bypassing their safety mechanisms. A truly advanced jailbreak is defined not only by its effectiveness but, more critically, by its stealthiness. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jianing Geng , Biao Yi , Zekun Fei , Ruiqi He , Lihai Nie , Tong Li , Zheli Liu

A new technique for data hiding in digital image is proposed in this paper. Steganography is a well known technique for hiding data in an image, but generally the format of image plays a pivotal role in it, and the scheme is format…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2013-08-01 Adity Sharma , Anoo Agarwal , Vinay Kumar

Fine-tuned LLMs can covertly encode prompt secrets into outputs via steganographic channels. Prior work demonstrated this threat but relied on trivially recoverable encodings. We formalize payload recoverability via classifier accuracy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Charles Westphal , Keivan Navaie , Fernando E. Rosas

The field of steganography has long been focused on developing methods to securely embed information within various digital media while ensuring imperceptibility and robustness. However, the growing sophistication of detection tools and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Waheed Rehman

We propose a test-time defense mechanism against adversarial attacks: imperceptible image perturbations that significantly alter the predictions of a model. Unlike existing methods that rely on feature filtering or smoothing, which can lead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Dong Lao , Yuxiang Zhang , Haniyeh Ehsani Oskouie , Yangchao Wu , Alex Wong , Stefano Soatto

Gradient sparsification, while mitigating communication bottlenecks in Federated Learning (FL), fundamentally alters the geometric landscape of model updates. We reveal that the resultant high-dimensional orthogonality renders traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhiyong Jin , Runhua Xu , Chao Li , Yizhong Liu , Jianxin Li , James Joshi

Recent study has found out that after multiple times of recompression, the DCT coefficients of JPEG image can form an embedding domain that is robust to recompression, which is called transport channel matching (TCM) method. Because the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Jimin Zhang , Xianfeng Zhao , Xiaolei He

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are susceptible to typographic attacks, which are misclassifications caused by an attack text that is added to an image. In this paper, we introduce a multi-image setting for studying typographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xiaomeng Wang , Zhengyu Zhao , Martha Larson

Recent studies shows that the majority of existing deep steganalysis models have a large amount of redundancy, which leads to a huge waste of storage and computing resources. The existing model compression method cannot flexibly compress…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Shunquan Tan , Qiushi Li , Laiyuan Li , Bin Li , Jiwu Huang

Image hiding is the study of techniques for covert storage and transmission, which embeds a secret image into a container image and generates stego image to make it similar in appearance to a normal image. However, existing image hiding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Lang Huang , Lin Huo , Zheng Gan , Xinrong He

Spectral clustering is a well-known technique which identifies $k$ clusters in an undirected graph with weight matrix $W\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$ by exploiting its graph Laplacian $L(W)$, whose eigenvalues $0=\lambda_1\leq \lambda_2 \leq…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Nicola Guglielmi , Stefano Sicilia

As an essential technique for data privacy protection, reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) methods have drawn intensive research interest in recent years. In response to the increasing demand for protecting data privacy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Yike Zhang , Wenbin Luo

In large-scale networks, communication links between nodes are easily injected with false data by adversaries. This paper proposes a novel security defense strategy from the perspective of attack detection scheduling to ensure the security…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-19 Yuhan Suo , Senchun Chai , Runqi Chai , Zhong-Hua Pang , Yuanqing Xia , Guo-Ping Liu