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Magic states are a scarce resource for two-dimensional qubit stabilizer codes. Magic state cultivation was recently proposed to reduce the cost of magic state preparation by measuring the transversal Clifford operator of the color code.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Bence Hetényi , Benjamin J. Brown , Dominic J. Williamson

Utility-scale solid-state quantum devices will need to fabricate quantum devices at scale using imperfect processes. By introducing tolerance to fabrication defects into the design of the quantum devices, we can improve the yield of usable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Stasiu Wolanski

Magic state distillation, which is a probabilistic process used to generate magic states, plays an important role in universal fault-tolerant quantum computers. On the other hand, to solve interesting problems, we need to run complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Yutaka Hirano , Yasunari Suzuki , Keisuke Fujii

Generation of logical zero states encoded with a quantum error-correcting code is the first step for fault-tolerant quantum computation, but requires considerably large resource overheads in general. To reduce such overheads, we propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-14 Hayato Goto , Yinghao Ho , Taro Kanao

Quantum error correction is a crucial technology for fault tolerant quantum computing. On superconducting platforms, hardware defects in large scale quantum processors can disrupt the regular lattice structure of topological codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Tian-Hao Wei , Jia-Xuan Zhang , Jia-Ning Li , Wei-Cheng Kong , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

The failure susceptibility of the quantum hardware will force quantum computers to execute fault-tolerant quantum circuits. These circuits are based on quantum error correcting codes, and there is increasing evidence that one of the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-31 Alexandru Paler

Although qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation…

A quantum error correcting code protects encoded logical information against errors. Transversal gates are a naturally fault-tolerant way to manipulate logical qubits but cannot be universal themselves. Protocols such as magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Eric Huang , Pierre-Gabriel Rozon , Arpit Dua , Sarang Gopalakrishnan , Michael J. Gullans

Any physical quantum device for quantum information processing is subject to errors in implementation. In order to be reliable and efficient, quantum computers will need error correcting or error avoiding methods. Fault-tolerance achieved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Alexandre M. Souza , Jingfu Zhang , Colm A. Ryan , Raymond Laflamme

We present a fault-tolerant Bell-pair distillation scheme achieving constant overhead through high-rate quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. Our approach maintains a constant distillation rate equal to the code rate while…

The Eastin-Knill theorem states that no quantum error correcting code can have a universal set of transversal gates. For CSS codes that can implement Clifford gates transversally it suffices to provide one additional non-Clifford gate, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Kristan Temme

Magic State Distillation (MSD) has been a research focus for fault-tolerant quantum computing due to the need for non-Clifford resource in gaining quantum advantage. Although many of the MSD protocols so far are based on stabilizer codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Yunzhe Zheng , Dong E. Liu

In this paper we introduce a general fault-tolerant quantum error correction protocol using flag circuits for measuring stabilizers of arbitrary distance codes. In addition to extending flag error correction beyond distance-three codes for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-09 Christopher Chamberland , Michael E. Beverland

Noisy hardware forms one of the main hurdles to the realization of a near-term quantum internet. Distillation protocols allows one to overcome this noise at the cost of an increased overhead. We consider here an experimentally relevant…

Rotation gates are widely used in various quantum algorithms. To implement fault-tolerant rotation gates, state distillation or gate synthesis is typically employed. However, the overhead of these schemes scales rapidly with increasing…

We propose a scheme for the fault-tolerant implementation of arbitrary Clifford circuits. To achieve this, we extend previous work on flag gadgets for syndrome extraction to a general framework that flags any Clifford circuit. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Benjamin Anker , Milad Marvian

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

We suggest a nanoelectromechanical setup that generates properly entangled ancillary ("ancilla") qubits for error correction algorithms in quantum computing, demonstrated as an encoder for the three-qubit bit flip code. The setup is based…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Danko Radić , Leonid Y. Gorelik , Sergei I. Kulinich , Robert I. Shekhter

High-fidelity logical \emph{T}-gate realization constitutes a core prerequisite for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, conventional magic state distillation requires massive physical qubit overhead across successive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Cheng-Yun Ding , Li-Hua Zhang , Jian Zhou

It is an oft-cited fact that no quantum code can support a set of fault-tolerant logical gates that is both universal and transversal. This no-go theorem is generally responsible for the interest in alternative universality constructions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-20 Theodore J. Yoder , Ryuji Takagi , Isaac L. Chuang