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We determine the border ranks of tensors that could potentially advance the known upper bound for the exponent $\omega$ of matrix multiplication. The Kronecker square of the small $q=2$ Coppersmith-Winograd tensor equals the $3\times 3$…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Austin Conner , Hang Huang , J. M. Landsberg

We advance the Cohn-Umans framework for developing fast matrix multiplication algorithms. We introduce, analyze, and search for a new subclass of strong uniquely solvable puzzles (SUSP), which we call simplifiable SUSPs. We show that these…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Matthew Anderson , Vu Le

For every $p\leq n$ positive integer we obtain the lower bound $(3-\frac{1}{p+1})n^2-\big(2\binom{2p}{p+1}-\binom{2p-2}{p-1}+2\big)n$ for the rank of the $n\times n$ matrix multiplication. This bound improves the previous one…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-11-08 Alex Massarenti , Emanuele Raviolo

We present three families of minimal border rank tensors: they come from highest weight vectors, smoothable algebras, or monomial algebras. We analyse them using Strassen's laser method and obtain an upper bound $2.431$ on $\omega$. We also…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-04-13 Roser Homs , Joachim Jelisiejew , Mateusz Michałek , Tim Seynnaeve

We present a new improvement on the laser method for designing fast matrix multiplication algorithms. The new method further develops the recent advances by [Duan, Wu, Zhou FOCS 2023] and [Vassilevska Williams, Xu, Xu, Zhou SODA 2024].…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Josh Alman , Ran Duan , Virginia Vassilevska Williams , Yinzhan Xu , Zixuan Xu , Renfei Zhou

Fast matrix multiplication algorithms may be useful, provided that their running time is good in practice. Particularly, the leading coefficient of their arithmetic complexity needs to be small. Many sub-cubic algorithms have large leading…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Gal Beniamini , Nathan Cheng , Olga Holtz , Elaye Karstadt , Oded Schwartz

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental kernel in high performance computing. Many algorithms for fast matrix multiplication can only be applied to enormous matrices ($n>10^{100}$) and thus cannot be used in practice. Of all algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Oded Schwartz , Eyal Zwecher

We develop an automated framework for proving lower bounds on the bilinear complexity of matrix multiplication over finite fields. Our approach systematically combines orbit classification of the restricted first matrix and dynamic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chengu Wang

We show how to construct highly symmetric algorithms for matrix multiplication. In particular, we consider algorithms which decompose the matrix multiplication tensor into a sum of rank-1 tensors, where the decomposition itself consists of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Joshua A. Grochow , Cristopher Moore

The (asymptotic) complexity of matrix multiplication (over the complex field) is measured by a real parameter w > 0, called the exponent of matrix multiplication (over the complex field), which is defined to be the smallest real number w >…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-09-11 Sandeep Murthy

We develop a notion of {\em inner rank} as a tool for obtaining lower bounds on the rank of matrix multiplication tensors. We use it to give a short proof that the border rank (and therefore rank) of the tensor associated with $n\times n$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Joel Friedman

Algebraic matrix multiplication algorithms are designed by bounding the rank of matrix multiplication tensors, and then using a recursive method. However, designing algorithms in this way quickly leads to large constant factors: if one…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Josh Alman , Hantao Yu

We study the known techniques for designing Matrix Multiplication algorithms. The two main approaches are the Laser method of Strassen, and the Group theoretic approach of Cohn and Umans. We define a generalization based on zeroing outs…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Josh Alman , Virginia Vassilevska Williams

The Strassen algorithm and Winograd's variant accelerate matrix multiplication by using fewer arithmetic operations than standard matrix multiplication. Although many papers have been published to accelerate single- as well as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-10-27 Tomonori Kouya

Min-plus product of two $n\times n$ matrices is a fundamental problem in algorithm research. It is known to be equivalent to APSP, and in general it has no truly subcubic algorithms. In this paper, we focus on the min-plus product on a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Shucheng Chi , Ran Duan , Tianle Xie

The rank of the matrix multiplication operator for nxn matrices is one of the most studied quantities in algebraic complexity theory. I prove that the rank is at least n^2-o(n^2). More precisely, for any integer p\leq n -1, the rank is at…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-10-31 J. M. Landsberg

We consider the techniques behind the current best algorithms for matrix multiplication. Our results are threefold. (1) We provide a unifying framework, showing that all known matrix multiplication running times since 1986 can be achieved…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Josh Alman , Virginia Vassilevska Williams

Moment polytopes of tensors, the study of which is deeply rooted in invariant theory, representation theory and symplectic geometry, have found relevance in numerous places, from quantum information (entanglement polytopes) and algebraic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Maxim van den Berg , Matthias Christandl , Vladimir Lysikov , Harold Nieuwboer , Michael Walter , Jeroen Zuiddam

We further develop the group-theoretic approach to fast matrix multiplication introduced by Cohn and Umans, and for the first time use it to derive algorithms asymptotically faster than the standard algorithm. We describe several families…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-15 Henry Cohn , Robert Kleinberg , Balazs Szegedy , Christopher Umans

Arithmetic complexity is considered simpler to understand than Boolean complexity, namely computing Boolean functions via logical gates. And indeed, we seem to have significantly more lower bound techniques and results in arithmetic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Klim Efremenko , Ankit Garg , Rafael Oliveira , Avi Wigderson