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Synthesis planning and reaction outcome prediction are two fundamental problems in computer-aided organic chemistry for which a variety of data-driven approaches have emerged. Natural language approaches that model each problem as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Zhengkai Tu , Connor W. Coley

We cast retrosynthesis as a machine translation problem by introducing a special Tensor2Tensor, an entire attention-based and fully data-driven model. Given a data set comprising about 50,000 diverse reactions extracted from USPTO patents,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-08-05 Hongliang Duan , Ling Wang , Chengyun Zhang , Jianjun Li

Retrosynthesis prediction is fundamental to drug discovery and chemical synthesis, requiring the identification of reactants that can produce a target molecule. Current template-free methods struggle to capture the structural invariance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiaxi Zhuang , Yu Zhang , Aimin Zhou , Ying Qian

Retrosynthesis reaction prediction aims to infer plausible reactant molecules for a given product and is a important problem in computer-aided organic synthesis. Despite recent progress, many existing models still fall short of the accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Youjun Zhao

Motivation: Retrosynthesis planning poses a formidable challenge in the organic chemical industry. Single-step retrosynthesis prediction, a crucial step in the planning process, has witnessed a surge in interest in recent years due to…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Kaipeng Zeng , Bo yang , Xin Zhao , Yu Zhang , Fan Nie , Xiaokang Yang , Yaohui Jin , Yanyan Xu

Various template-based and template-free approaches have been proposed for single-step retrosynthesis prediction in recent years. While these approaches demonstrate strong performance from a data-driven metrics standpoint, many model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Kevin Zhang , Vipul Mann , Venkat Venkatasubramanian

In the present paper we evaluated efficiency of the recent Transformer-CNN models to predict target properties based on the augmented stereochemical SMILES. We selected a well-known Cliff activity dataset as well as a Dipole moment dataset…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-08 Ruud van Deursen , Igor V. Tetko , Guillaume Godin

Template-free SMILES-to-SMILES translation models for reaction prediction and single-step retrosynthesis are of interest for industrial applications in computer-aided synthesis planning systems due to their state-of-the-art accuracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mikhail Andronov , Natalia Andronova , Michael Wand , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Djork-Arné Clevert

Chemical reaction prediction, involving forward synthesis and retrosynthesis prediction, is a fundamental problem in organic synthesis. A popular computational paradigm formulates synthesis prediction as a sequence-to-sequence translation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Zipeng Zhong , Jie Song , Zunlei Feng , Tiantao Liu , Lingxiang Jia , Shaolun Yao , Min Wu , Tingjun Hou , Mingli Song

Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) is a single line text representation of a unique molecule. One molecule can however have multiple SMILES strings, which is a reason that canonical SMILES have been defined, which ensures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-18 Esben Jannik Bjerrum

We present an attention-based Transformer model for automatic retrosynthesis route planning. Our approach starts from reactants prediction of single-step organic reactions for given products, followed by Monte Carlo tree search-based…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-07 Kangjie Lin , Youjun Xu , Jianfeng Pei , Luhua Lai

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have expedited retrosynthesis research by assisting chemists to design experiments more efficiently. However, all ML-based methods consume substantial amounts of paired training data (i.e., chemical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Xu Zhang , Yiming Mo , Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang

In the intersection of molecular science and deep learning, tasks like virtual screening have driven the need for a high-throughput molecular representation generator on large chemical databases. However, as SMILES strings are the most…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Wenhao Zhu , Ziyao Li , Lingsheng Cai , Guojie Song

In drug-discovery-related tasks such as virtual screening, machine learning is emerging as a promising way to predict molecular properties. Conventionally, molecular fingerprints (numerical representations of molecules) are calculated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Shion Honda , Shoi Shi , Hiroki R. Ueda

Synthesis planning is the process of recursively decomposing target molecules into available precursors. Computer-aided retrosynthesis can potentially assist chemists in designing synthetic routes, but at present it is cumbersome and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-07-04 Shuangjia Zheng , Jiahua Rao , Zhongyue Zhang , Jun Xu , Yuedong Yang

The simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) is the most popular representation of chemical compounds. Therefore, many SMILES-based molecular property prediction models have been developed. In particular, transformer-based…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-03 Ingoo Lee , Hojung Nam

Organic synthesis is one of the key stumbling blocks in medicinal chemistry. A necessary yet unsolved step in planning synthesis is solving the forward problem: given reactants and reagents, predict the products. Similar to other work, we…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-09-13 Philippe Schwaller , Teodoro Laino , Théophile Gaudin , Peter Bolgar , Costas Bekas , Alpha A Lee

Knowledge of mixtures' phase equilibria is crucial in nature and technical chemistry. Phase equilibria calculations of mixtures require activity coefficients. However, experimental data on activity coefficients is often limited due to high…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-09-22 Benedikt Winter , Clemens Winter , Johannes Schilling , André Bardow

Retrosynthesis, which predicts the reactants of a given target molecule, is an essential task for drug discovery. In recent years, the machine learing based retrosynthesis methods have achieved promising results. In this work, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shufang Xie , Rui Yan , Junliang Guo , Yingce Xia , Lijun Wu , Tao Qin

Machine learning is becoming a preferred method for the virtual screening of organic materials due to its cost-effectiveness over traditional computationally demanding techniques. However, the scarcity of labeled data for organic materials…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-03-06 Chengwei Zhang , Yushuang Zhai , Ziyang Gong , Hongliang Duan , Yuan-Bin She , Yun-Fang Yang , An Su
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