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Recently Hollands, Wald and Zhang proposed a new formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole for an arbitrary theory of gravity obtained from a diffeomorphism covariant Lagrangian via the Noether charge method. We present an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-07 Delong Kong , Yu Tian , Hongbao Zhang , Jinan Zhao

It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

Hawking showed that a black hole formed by collapse will emit radiation and eventually disappear. We address the challenge to define an objective notion of physical entropy which increases throughout this process in a way consistent with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-18 Bernard S. Kay

In this paper, we investigate the generalized covariant entropy bound in the theory where the Einstein gravity is perturbed by the higher-order Lovelock terms. After replacing the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy with the Jacobson-Myers entropy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-14 Ming Zhang , Jie Jiang

One proposal by Verlinde \cite{Verlinde:2010hp} is that gravity is not a fundamental, but an entropic force. In this way, Verlinde has provide us with a way to derive the Newton's law of gravitation from the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy-area…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-22 R. G. L. Aragão , C. A. S. Silva

According to Bekenstein's area law, the black hole entropy is identified holographically -- with one quarter of the horizon area. However, it is commonly believed that such a law is only valid in Einstein's theory and that higher curvature…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-23 David Kubizňák , Marek Liška

We discuss higher derivative corrections to black hole entropy in theories that allow a near horizon AdS_3 x X geometry. In arbitrary theories with diffeomorphism invariance we show how to obtain the spacetime central charge in a simple…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-06 Per Kraus , Finn Larsen

It is shown that all generalized two--dimensional dilaton theories with arbitrary matter content (with a curvature independent coupling to gravity) do not only obey a first law of black hole mechanics (which follows from Wald's general…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Norbert Duechting , Thomas Strobl

We show that for a general four derivative theory of gravity, only the holographic entanglement entropy functionals obey the second law at linearized order in perturbations. We also derive bounds on the higher curvature couplings in several…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-06-01 Srijit Bhattacharjee , Arpan Bhattacharyya , Sudipta Sarkar , Aninda Sinha

We outline how the Wald entropy formula naturally arises in loop quantum gravity based on recently introduced dimension-independent connection variables. The key observation is that in a loop quantization of a generalized gravity theory,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-25 Norbert Bodendorfer , Yasha Neiman

The third law of black hole dynamics states that it is impossible, through any classical perturbation of a stationary configuration, to reduce the surface gravity of a black hole to zero. In this work, we examine the validity of this law…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-20 Jyotirmoy De , Chiranjeeb Singha , Naresh Dadhich

We consider a general, classical theory of gravity in $n$ dimensions, arising from a diffeomorphism invariant Lagrangian. In any such theory, to each vector field, $\xi^a$, on spacetime one can associate a local symmetry and, hence, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Robert M. Wald

The laws of mechanics of stationary black holes bear a close resemblance with the laws of thermodynamics. This is not only a mathematical analogy but also a physical one that helps us answer deep questions related to the thermodynamic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-07-26 Diptarka Das

Adopting the thin-layer improved brick-wall method, we investigate the thermodynamics of a black hole embedded in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. We calculate the temperature and the entropy at every apparent horizon…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-07 Khireddine Nouicer

The generalized second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases when all event horizons are attributed with an entropy proportional to their area. We test the generalized second law by investigating the change in entropy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Tamara M. Davis , P. C. W. Davies , Charles H. Lineweaver

In this note we explore the validity of the first law of entanglement entropy in the context of the topologically massive gravity (TMG). We found that the variation of the holographic entanglement entropy under perturbation from the pure…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-28 Long Cheng , Ling-Yan Hung , Si-Nong Liu , Hong-Zhe Zhou

We extend an earlier investigation of the thermodynamics of static black holes in an Einstein-Horndeski theory of gravity coupled to a scalar field, by including now an elec- tromagnetic field as well. By studying the two-parameter families…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-17 Xing-Hui Feng , Hai-Shan Liu , H. Lü , C. N. Pope

As the black hole entropy does not obey the area law on it. The area law, given by $S\sim A^\delta\text{or}A^R$, where $\delta$ and $R$ , for $0\leq\delta\leq 1$, $0<R\leq 1$, indicates the amount of quantum gravitational deformation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-08 Muhammad Naeem , Aysha Bibi

We consider Lovelock theories of gravity in the context of AdS/CFT. We show that, for these theories, causality violation on a black hole background can occur well in the interior of the geometry, thus posing more stringent constraints than…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-06-07 Xian O. Camanho , Jose D. Edelstein , Miguel F. Paulos

I study the balance law equation of surface charges in the presence of background fields. The construction allows a unified description of Noether's theorem for both global and local symmetries. From the balance law associated with some of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-06 Antoine Rignon-Bret