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Randomized benchmarking (RB) is a widely used strategy to assess the quality of available quantum gates in a computational context. RB involves applying known random sequences of gates to an initial state and using the statistics of a final…

As quantum technology matures, the efficient benchmarking of quantum devices remains a key challenge. Although sample-efficient, information-theoretic benchmarking techniques have recently been proposed, there is still a gap in adapting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Ana Silva , Eliska Greplova

Quantum error correction (QEC) is often implemented on hardware that experiences biased noise, where dephasing errors occur more frequently than other errors. This has motivated many recent efforts to develop bias-tailored QEC codes, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Arianna Meinking , Julie Campos , Kenneth R. Brown

Randomized benchmarking (RB) refers to a collection of protocols that in the past decade have become central methods for characterizing quantum gates. These protocols aim at efficiently estimating the quality of a set of quantum gates in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-20 Jonas Helsen , Ingo Roth , Emilio Onorati , Albert H. Werner , Jens Eisert

Measurement for qubits plays a key role in quantum computation. Current methods for classifying states of single qubit in a superconducting multi-qubit system produce fidelities lower than expected due to the existence of crosstalk,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Zi-Feng Chen , Qi Zhou , Peng Duan , Wei-Cheng Kong , Hai-Feng Zhang , Guo-Ping Guo

The design and performance analysis of quantum error correction (QEC) codes are often based on incoherent and independent noise models since it is easy to simulate. However, these models fail to capture realistic hardware noise sources,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Zeyuan Zhou , Andrew Ji , Yongshan Ding

We study the evolution of quantum correlations in Bell, Werner, and maximally entangled mixed states of two qubits subjected to correlated amplitude-damping channels. Our primary focus is to evaluate the robustness of entanglement as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Venkat Abhignan , Bidyut Bikash Boruah , R. Srikanth , Ashutosh Singh

Accurate noise characterization in quantum gates and circuits is vital for the development of reliable quantum simulations for chemically relevant systems and fault-tolerant quantum computing. This paper reviews a variety of key…

Bosonic modes are prevalent in all aspects of quantum information processing. However, existing tools for characterizing the quality, stability, and noise properties of bosonic modes are limited, especially in a driven setting. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Christophe H. Valahu , Tomas Navickas , Michael J. Biercuk , Ting Rei Tan

Estimating the features of noise is the first step in a chain of protocols that will someday lead to fault tolerant quantum computers. The randomized benchmarking (RB) protocol is designed with this exact mindset, estimating the average…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Pedro Figueroa-Romero , Kavan Modi , Thomas M. Stace , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Accurate benchmarking of quantum gates is crucial for understanding and enhancing the performance of quantum hardware. A standard method for this is interleaved benchmarking, a technique which estimates the error on an interleaved target…

Randomized benchmarking (RB) is the gold standard for experimentally evaluating the quality of quantum operations. The current framework for RB is centered on groups and their representations, but this can be problematic. For example,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-22 Jianxin Chen , Dawei Ding , Cupjin Huang

Fault-tolerant quantum computation demands extremely low logical error rates, yet superconducting qubit arrays are subject to radiation-induced correlated noise arising from cosmic-ray muon-generated quasiparticles. The quasiparticle…

As quantum computers continue to increase in size and topological complexity, benchmarking crosstalk becomes more complex and resource-intensive. This limits the ability to obtain relevant crosstalk metrics for applications such as error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Jaden Hawley , Chi-Ren Shyu

Quantum learning tasks often leverage randomly sampled quantum circuits to characterize unknown systems. An efficient approach known as "circuit reusing," where each circuit is executed multiple times, reduces the cost compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Zhuo Chen , Guoding Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Being able to quantify the level of coherent control in a proposed device implementing a quantum information processor (QIP) is an important task for both comparing different devices and assessing a device's prospects with regards to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 C. A. Ryan , M. Laforest , R. Laflamme

Benchmarking of noise that is induced during the implementation of quantum gates is the main concern for practical quantum computers. Several protocols have been proposed that empirically calculate various metrics that quantify the error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-30 Adarsh Chandrashekar , Soumya Das , Goutam Paul

Contemporary methods for benchmarking noisy quantum processors typically measure average error rates or process infidelities. However, thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum error correction are given in terms of worst-case error rates --…

As quantum devices make steady progress towards intermediate scale and fault-tolerant quantum computing, it is essential to develop rigorous and efficient measurement protocols that account for known sources of noise. Most existing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-22 M. J. Gullans , M. Caranti , A. R. Mills , J. R. Petta

As quantum circuits become more integrated and complex, additional error sources that were previously insignificant start to emerge. Consequently, the fidelity of quantum gates benchmarked under pristine conditions falls short of predicting…