Related papers: What Does the "Mean" Really Mean?
The geometric median, a notion of center for multivariate distributions, has gained recent attention in robust statistics and machine learning. Although conceptually distinct from the mean (i.e., expectation), we demonstrate that both are…
Throughout quantum mechanics there is statistical balance, in the collective response of an ensemble of systems to differing measurement types. Statistical balance is a core feature of quantum mechanics, underlying quantum mechanical…
We construct a new kind of measures, called projection families, which generalize the classical notion of vector and operator-valued measures. The maximal class of reasonable functions admits an integral with respect to a projection family,…
In this paper we introduce the notion of elementary numerosity as a special function defined on all subsets of a given set X which takes values in a suitable non-Archimedean field, and satisfies the same formal properties of finite…
This work is a mathematician's attempt to understand intuitionistic logic. It can be read in two ways: as a research paper interspersed with lengthy digressions into rethinking of standard material; or as an elementary (but highly…
A connection is a binary operation for positive operators satisfying the monotonicity, the transformer inequality and the joint-continuity from above. A mean is a normalized connection. In this paper, we show that there is a one-to-one…
In the present article, real number representations, that are generalizations of classical positive and alternating representations of numbers, are introduced and investigated. The main metric relation, properties of cylinder sets are…
We discuss the Kolmogorov's entropy and Sinai's definition of it; and then define a deformation of the entropy, called {\it scaling entropy}; this is also a metric invariant of the measure preserving actions of the group, which is more…
The covariance between real finite variance random variables can be expressed as the commutator of taking expectations and multiplying, both viewed as operators extended to act jointly on pairs of functions. The efficient influence curve of…
The classical Birkhoff ergodic theorem in its most popular version says that the time average along a single typical trajectory of a dynamical system is equal to the space average with respect to the ergodic invariant distribution. This…
By means of the notion of umbrae indexed by multisets, a general method to express estimators and their products in terms of power sums is derived. A connection between the notion of multiset and integer partition leads immediately to a way…
Traditionally model averaging has been viewed as an alternative to model selection with the ultimate goal to incorporate the uncertainty associated with the model selection process in standard errors and confidence intervals by using a…
The paper investigates the problem of performing correlation analysis when the number of observations is very large. In such a case, it is often necessary to combine the random observations to achieve dimensionality reduction of the…
Analysing several characteristic mathematical models: natural and real numbers, Euclidean geometry, group theory, and set theory, I argue that a mathematical model in its final form is a junction of a set of axioms and an internal partial…
Finite sample bounds on the estimation error of the mean by the empirical mean, uniform over a class of functions, can often be conveniently obtained in terms of Rademacher or Gaussian averages of the class. If a function of n variables has…
This paper is about Dirichlet averages in the matrix-variate case or averages of functions over the Dirichlet measure in the complex domain. The classical power mean contains the harmonic mean, arithmetic mean and geometric mean (Hardy,…
Suppose that a mobile sensor describes a Markovian trajectory in the ambient space. At each time the sensor measures an attribute of interest, e.g., the temperature. Using only the location history of the sensor and the associated…
We obtain in closed form averages of polynomials, taken over hermitian matrices with the Gaussian measure involved in the Kontsevich integral, and prove a conjecture of Witten enabling one to express analogous averages with the full (cubic…
Although regular expressions do not correspond univocally to regular languages, it is still worthwhile to study their properties and algorithms. For the average case analysis one often relies on the uniform random generation using a…
The main observation of this note is that the Lebesgue measure $\mu$ in the Tur\'an-Nazarov inequality for exponential polynomials can be replaced with a certain geometric invariant $\omega \ge \mu$, which can be effectively estimated in…