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We consider the quantum field theory for a scalar model of the electromagnetic field interacting with a system of two-level atoms. In this setting, we show that it is possible to uniquely determine the density of atoms from measurements of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Matti Lassas , Medet Nursultanov , Lauri Oksanen , John C. Schotland

Quantum entanglement across spatially separated network nodes is conventionally established through the distribution of photons from a common source or via entanglement swapping that relies on Bell-state measurements and pre-shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Sören Arlt , Mario Krenn , Xuemei Gu

Quantum entangled states of light are essential for quantum technologies and fundamental tests of physics. While quantum information science has relied on systems with entanglement in 2D degrees of freedom, e.g. quantum bits with…

Optics · Physics 2017-10-06 Matthew Reichert , Hugo Defienne , Jason W. Fleischer

Hypergraphs require higher-dimensional representations, which makes it more difficult to compute and interpret their spectral properties. This survey article uses the framework of hypermatrices to give an in-depth overview of the spectral…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-07-21 Shashwath S Shetty , K Arathi Bhat

An open question in quantum optics is how to manipulate and control complex quantum states in an experimentally feasible way. Here we present concepts for transformations of high-dimensional multi-photonic quantum systems. The proposals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-30 Xiaoqin Gao , Manuel Erhard , Anton Zeilinger , Mario Krenn

Entanglement is a fundamental resource for many applications in quantum information processing. Here, we investigate how quantum transport in simple quantum graphs, modeled as controlled two-level quantum systems, can be utilized to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Alison A. Silva , D. Bazeia , Fabiano M. Andrade

Entangled photons can be used to make measurements with an accuracy beyond that possible with classical light. While most implementations of quantum metrology have used states made up of a single colour of photons, we show that entangled…

Hypergraphs, a generalization of graphs, naturally represent groupwise relationships among multiple individuals or objects, which are common in many application areas, including web, bioinformatics, and social networks. The flexibility in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Geon Lee , Minyoung Choe , Kijung Shin

Quantum metrology exploits quantum mechanical effects to increase the precision of measurements of physical quantities. A wide variety of applications are currently being developed for scientific and technological purposes, however, most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 B. J. Alexander , Ş. K. Özdemir , M. S. Tame

It has been known for some time that graph isomorphism reduces to the hidden subgroup problem (HSP). What is more, most exponential speedups in quantum computation are obtained by solving instances of the HSP. A common feature of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Sean Hallgren , Martin Roetteler , Pranab Sen

Entanglement, a key resource of emerging quantum technologies, describes correlations between particles that defy classical physics. It has been studied extensively on various platforms, but has remained elusive in electron microscopy.…

Quantum light sources are essential building blocks for many quantum technologies, enabling secure communication, powerful computing, precise sensing and imaging. Recent advancements have witnessed a significant shift towards the…

We determine the optimum topology of quasi-one dimensional nonlinear optical structures using generalized quantum graph models. Quantum graphs are relational graphs endowed with a metric and a multiparticle Hamiltonian acting on the edges,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Rick Lytel , Shoresh Shafei , Mark G. Kuzyk

Quantum entanglement is one of the most prominent features of quantum mechanics and forms the basis of quantum information technologies. Here we present a novel method for the creation of quantum entanglement in multipartite and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-24 Mario Krenn , Armin Hochrainer , Mayukh Lahiri , Anton Zeilinger

Quantum entanglement plays a vital role in many quantum information and communication tasks. Entangled states of higher dimensional systems are of great interest due to the extended possibilities they provide. For example, they allow the…

Quantum phenomena such as entanglement can improve fundamental limits on the sensitivity of a measurement probe. In optical interferometry, a probe consisting of $N$ entangled photons provides up to a $\sqrt{N}$ enhancement in phase…

We introduce a connection between a near-term quantum computing device, specifically a Gaussian boson sampler, and the graph isomorphism problem. We propose a scheme where graphs are encoded into quantum states of light, whose properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-08 Kamil Bradler , Shmuel Friedland , Josh Izaac , Nathan Killoran , Daiqin Su

Hypergraphs are higher-order networks that capture the interactions between two or more nodes. Hypergraphs can always be represented by factor graphs, i.e. bipartite networks between nodes and factor nodes (representing groups of nodes).…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-10-08 Ginestra Bianconi , Sergey N. Dorogovtsev

Hypergraphs are useful mathematical representations of overlapping and nested subsets of interacting units, including groups of genes or brain regions, economic cartels, political or military coalitions, and groups of products that are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Cornelius Fritz , Yubai Yuan , Michael Schweinberger

We introduce the entangled coherent state representation, which provides a powerful technique for efficiently and elegantly describing and analyzing quantum optics sources and detectors while respecting the photon number superselection rule…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Barry C. Sanders , Stephen D. Bartlett , Terry Rudolph , Peter L. Knight