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Related papers: Implicitly Defined Layers in Neural Networks

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Implicit deep learning prediction rules generalize the recursive rules of feedforward neural networks. Such rules are based on the solution of a fixed-point equation involving a single vector of hidden features, which is thus only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Laurent El Ghaoui , Fangda Gu , Bertrand Travacca , Armin Askari , Alicia Y. Tsai

In this paper, we introduce an efficient backpropagation scheme for non-constrained implicit functions. These functions are parametrized by a set of learnable weights and may optionally depend on some input; making them perfectly suitable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Andreas Look , Simona Doneva , Melih Kandemir , Rainer Gemulla , Jan Peters

In the context of classification problems, Deep Learning (DL) approaches represent state of art. Many DL approaches are based on variations of standard multi-layer feed-forward neural networks. These are also referred to as deep networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Andrea Apicella , Francesco Isgrò , Roberto Prevete

Properties such as composability and automatic differentiation made artificial neural networks a pervasive tool in applications. Tackling more challenging problems caused neural networks to progressively become more complex and thus…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Mattia G. Bergomi , Pietro Vertechi

Multilayer networks have seen a resurgence under the umbrella of deep learning. Current deep learning algorithms train the layers of the network sequentially, improving algorithmic performance as well as providing some regularization. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Ke Wu , Malik Magdon-Ismail

We explore a new class of end-to-end learnable models wherein data processing nodes (or network layers) are defined in terms of desired behavior rather than an explicit forward function. Specifically, the forward function is implicitly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Stephen Gould , Richard Hartley , Dylan Campbell

The empirical success of deep learning is often attributed to deep networks' ability to exploit hierarchical structure in data, constructing increasingly complex features across layers. Yet despite substantial progress in deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yunwei Ren , Yatin Dandi , Florent Krzakala , Jason D. Lee

Deep learning models develop successive representations of their input in sequential layers, the last of which maps the final representation to the output. Here we investigate the informational content of these representations by observing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Benjamin L. Badger

A deep equilibrium model uses implicit layers, which are implicitly defined through an equilibrium point of an infinite sequence of computation. It avoids any explicit computation of the infinite sequence by finding an equilibrium point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Kenji Kawaguchi

Deep neural networks implement a sequence of layer-by-layer operations that are each relatively easy to understand, but the resulting overall computation is generally difficult to understand. We consider a simple hypothesis for interpreting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Richard D. Lange , Devin Kwok , Jordan Matelsky , Xinyue Wang , David S. Rolnick , Konrad P. Kording

Differentiable optimization layers are traditionally integrated in predict-then-optimize frameworks where a neural model estimates parameters that subsequently serve as fixed inputs to downstream decision-making optimization problems. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 David Troxell , Noah Roemer , Guido Montúfar

Understanding how deep neural networks learn useful internal representations from data remains a central open problem in the theory of deep learning. We introduce Neural Low-Degree Filtering (Neural LoFi), a stylized limit of gradient-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yatin Dandi , Matteo Vilucchio , Luca Arnaboldi , Hugo Tabanelli , Florent Krzakala

We describe a novel family of models of multi- layer feedforward neural networks in which the activation functions are encoded via penalties in the training problem. Our approach is based on representing a non-decreasing activation function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Armin Askari , Geoffrey Negiar , Rajiv Sambharya , Laurent El Ghaoui

Over the past decade, deep learning has proven to be a highly effective tool for learning meaningful features from raw data. However, it remains an open question how deep networks perform hierarchical feature learning across layers. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Peng Wang , Xiao Li , Can Yaras , Zhihui Zhu , Laura Balzano , Wei Hu , Qing Qu

We propose two new criteria to understand the advantage of deepening neural networks. It is important to know the expressivity of functions computable by deep neural networks in order to understand the advantage of deepening neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yasushi Esaki , Yuta Nakahara , Toshiyasu Matsushima

Deep neural networks use multiple layers of functions to map an object represented by an input vector progressively to different representations, and with sufficient training, eventually to a single score for each class that is the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Tin Kam Ho

The interpretability of neural networks (NNs) is a challenging but essential topic for transparency in the decision-making process using machine learning. One of the reasons for the lack of interpretability is random weight initialization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Shohei Kubota , Hideaki Hayashi , Tomohiro Hayase , Seiichi Uchida

Intermediate features at different layers of a deep neural network are known to be discriminative for visual patterns of different complexities. However, most existing works ignore such cross-layer heterogeneities when classifying samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Xiaojie Jin , Yunpeng Chen , Jian Dong , Jiashi Feng , Shuicheng Yan

Geometric Deep Learning has recently made striking progress with the advent of continuous deep implicit fields. They allow for detailed modeling of watertight surfaces of arbitrary topology while not relying on a 3D Euclidean grid,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Benoit Guillard , Edoardo Remelli , Artem Lukoianov , Stephan R. Richter , Timur Bagautdinov , Pierre Baque , Pascal Fua

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in combining deep learning models with reasoning in order to handle more sophisticated learning tasks. In many cases, a reasoning task can be solved by an iterative algorithm. This algorithm is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Xinshi Chen , Yufei Zhang , Christoph Reisinger , Le Song
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