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A mechanism is found that explains how matter falling into the future event horizon of a black hole leaves information there, which it sends to the past event horizon, and there it determines how particles are emitted. This way information…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-06 Gerard t Hooft

A semi-classical reasoning leads to the non-commutativity of space and time coordinates near the horizon of static non-extreme black hole, and renders the classical horizon spreading to {\it Quantum Horizon} . In terms of the background…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Mu-Lin Yan , Hua Bai

We clarify the confusion, misunderstanding and misconception that the physical finiteness of the universe, if the universe is indeed finite, would rule out all hypercomputation, the kind of computation that exceeds the Turing computability,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tien D. Kieu

The notion of the black hole singularity and the proof of the singularity theorem were considered great successes in classical general relativity. Singularities had presented deep puzzles to physicists. Conceptual challenges were set up by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-13 Yanbin Deng , Gerald Cleaver

If one assumes the validity of conventional quantum field theory in the vicinity of the horizon of a black hole, one does not find a quantum mechanical description of the entire black hole that even remotely resembles that of conventional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 G. 't Hooft

We report a new limitation on the ability of physical systems to perform computation -- one that is based on generalizing the notion of memory, or storage space, available to the system to perform the computation. Roughly, we define memory…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Mark Braverman , Cristobal Rojas , Jonathan Schneider

The gravitational force harbours a fundamental instability against collapse. In standard General Relativity without Quantum Mechanics, this implies the existence of black holes as natural, stable solutions of Einstein's equations. If one…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Gerard 't Hooft

We develop an effective theory which describes black holes with quantum mechanical horizons that is valid at scales long compared to the Schwarzschild radius but short compared to the lifetime of the black hole. Our formalism allows one to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-05-20 Walter D. Goldberger , Ira Z. Rothstein

An intense effort is being made today to build a quantum computer. Instead of presenting what has been achieved, I invoke here analogies from the history of science in an attempt to glimpse what the future might hold. Quantum computing is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-17 G. S. Paraoanu

In general relativity without a cosmological constant, a classical theorem due to Hawking states that stationary black holes must be topologically spherical. This result is one of the several ingredients that collectively imply the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-18 Sourabh Nampalliwar , Arthur G. Suvorov , Kostas D. Kokkotas

Beginning with Turing's seminal work in 1950, artificial intelligence proposes that consciousness can be simulated by a Turing machine. This implies a potential theory of everything where the universe is a simulation on a computer, which…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Blake Wilson , Ethan Dickey , Vaishnavi Iyer , Sabre Kais

Taking the view that computation is after all physical, we argue that physics, particularly quantum physics, could help extend the notion of computability. Here, we list the important and unique features of quantum mechanics and then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tien D Kieu

A key consequence of Lorentz-violating gravity is the emergence of modified dispersion relations implying the absence of a universal maximum propagation speed. This challenges the conventional notion of the event horizon as a causal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-30 Francesco Del Porro , Stefano Liberati , Jacopo Mazza

The persistence of a suitable notion of black hole thermodynamics in Lorentz breaking theories of gravity is not only a non-trivial consistency test for such theories, it is also an interesting investigation {\em per se}, as it might help…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-12 Mario Herrero-Valea , Stefano Liberati , Raquel Santos-Garcia

Black holes are presumed to have an ideal ability to absorb and keep matter. Whatever comes close to the event horizon, a boundary separating the inside region of a black hole from the outside world, inevitably goes in and remains inside…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Yu. Kuchiev

Following the Membrane Paradigm, we show that the stretched horizon of a black hole retains information about particles thrown into the hole for a time of order the scrambling time m ln(m/M_P), after the particles cross the horizon. One…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-03 Tom Banks , Willy Fischler , Sandipan Kundu , Juan F. Pedraza

Due to common misconceptions about the Church-Turing thesis, it has been widely assumed that the Turing machine provides an upper bound on what is computable. This is not so. The new field of hypercomputation studies models of computation…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Toby Ord

We consider spherically-symmetric black holes in semiclassical gravity. For a collapsing radiating thin shell we derive a sufficient condition on the exterior geometry that ensures that a black hole is not formed. This is also a sufficient…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-04 Valentina Baccetti , Robert B. Mann , Daniel R. Terno

Several properties of canonical quantum gravity modify space-time structures, sometimes to the degree that no effective line elements exist to describe the geometry. An analysis of solutions, for instance in the context of black holes, then…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-11-04 Martin Bojowald , George M. Paily , Juan D. Reyes , Rakesh Tibrewala

Violating Lorentz-invariance, and so implicitly permitting some form of superluminal communication, necessarily alters the notion of a black hole. Nevertheless, in both Einstein-{\AE}ther gravity, and Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity, there is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-31 Bethan Cropp , Stefano Liberati , Arif Mohd , Matt Visser